Extraction of f-block element, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

Q. Extraction of f-block element ?

As all the lanthanides occur together in nature, their extraction involves two main steps: (i)   separation from one another and (ii) reduction of their compounds to metals. Since the lanthanides are all typically trivalent and are almost identical in size, their chemical properties ark almost similar. Thus, the separation of lanthanides from one another is a very difficult task, almost as difficult as the separation of isotopes. Only europium and cerium will be separated from the remaining lanthanides by employing conventional  Q+  chemical methods because of stabilities of Ce 4+and EU2+ in aqueous solution. Cerium can be separated from a mixture of lanthanides by oxidising ce3+ to ce4+ with permanganate or bromate or hypochlorite in an alkaline medium and subsequently precipitating it as Ce02.  Europium can be reduced to EU2+ either by electrolytic reduction with a mercury cathode or by using zinc amalgam. It is then precipitated from the solution as EuSo4.

Earlier the lanthanides used to be separated from each other by selective precipitation or by fractional crystallisation. With a limited amount of a precipitating agent, the substance uhichis least soluble is precipitated first. For example, if a base is added to a solution of  lanthanide nitrates, the least soluble Lu(OH)3 is precipitated first and the most soluble -  La(OH)3 last. As only a partial separation is effected, the precipitate is redissolved and the method is repeated several times.


Related Discussions:- Extraction of f-block element

Chemical thermodynamics, Caculate the amount of heat energy needed to raise...

Caculate the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temp. Of the water in a 40 gal (151-kg) home water heater from 19.o celcius (66.2 f) to 60.00 C (140.f

Lead acetate test, what is the confirmatory test for acid radical(so42-)

what is the confirmatory test for acid radical(so42-)

Uuu, what is p block element

what is p block element

Explain the concept of environmental impact assessment, Question: (i) ...

Question: (i) Explain the concept of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and state its main objectives. (ii) List 3 activities (from the marine sector) which require an

Salt analysis., CAN I PLEASE GET A SALT ANALYSIS CHART FOR MY CHEMISTRY PRA...

CAN I PLEASE GET A SALT ANALYSIS CHART FOR MY CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS?

Bakelite, Bakelite: It is thermosetting plastics which are most wide...

Bakelite: It is thermosetting plastics which are most widely used and the most important plastics. Preparation: It is formed by condensation reaction of phenol an

Molecular formula of gaseous hydrocarbons or eudiometry, Molecular formula ...

Molecular formula of gaseous hydrocarbons   (Eudiometry) Eudiometry is a direct method for calculation of molecular formula of gaseous hydrocarbons without ascertaining the pe

Beckmann rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement Ketoxime while treated w...

Beckmann rearrangement Ketoxime while treated with acid at 0° C it goes through rearrangement termed as Beckmann rearrangement. So, acid catalysed conversion of ketoximes t

Organic chemistry, how to do nomenclature in organic chemistry

how to do nomenclature in organic chemistry

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd