Explain working of digital-to-analog converters, Electrical Engineering

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Q. Explain working of Digital-to-Analog Converters?

Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Converters

For the results of digital computations to be used in the analog world, it becomes necessary to convert the digital values to proportional analog values. Figure shows the block diagram of a typical digital-to-analog (D/A) converter, which accepts an n-bit parallel digital code as input and provides an analog current or voltage as output. For an ideal D/A converter, the analog output for an n-bit binary code is given by

199_Explain working of Digital-to-Analog Converters.png

V0 analog output voltage
Vref reference analog input voltage
b0 most significant bit of binary input code
bn-1 least significant bit of binary input code

In order to provide current-to-voltage conversion and/or buffering, an op amp is used at the output. However, in some high-speed applications where a limited output voltage range is acceptable, a resistor, instead of an op amp, is used for the current-to-voltage conversion, thereby eliminating the delay associated with the op amp.


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