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Explain the two types of participation constraint.
1. Total: The participation of an entity set E in a relationship set R is said to be total if each entity in E participates in at least single relationship in R.
2. Partial: if only few entities in E participate in relationships in R, the participation of entity set E in relationship R is said to be partial.
What is transaction? Transaction is a unit of program implementation that accesses and possibly updated several data items.
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
Difference between SQL and SQL*Plus SQL SQL*Plus SQL is a language SQL *Plus is an environment It is bas
Express types of information available in MySQL? Information as regards the result of queries: This includes number of records affected by any SELECT or UPDATE or DELETE st
Differance between internal and external schema? Internal and external schema: Internal Schema • Describes the physical storage structure • Uses a physical data model External
Many-to-many : Entities in A and B are related with any number of entities from each other. Example: Taught_by Relationship among course and faculty. One faculty member ca
What is Gathering information and Producing ERD Gathering information: This could be a written document that explains the system in question with reasonable quantity of detai
What is Structured Query Langauge (SQL)? SQL is a powerful set-oriented language which was formed by IBM research for the databases that adhere to the relational model. It havi
Before we talk about the relational model in more detail, let us first define some very basic terms used in this model. Tuple Every row in a table shows a record and is cal
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