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Explain the Role in Insulin Formation?
You are aware that insulin receptors are present in many cells with their concentration being highest in adipocytes (cells present in adipose tissue) and hepatocytes (liver cells). You also know that insulin receptor has two extracellular alpha-subunits and two extracellular beta-subunits. It is the alpha-subunit to which insulin binds. Once insulin binds to the alpha-subunit of the receptor, a specific phosphorylation of the beta-subunit occurs through a cascade of phosphorylation reactions. This leads to increased insulin sensitivity. The enzyme partly responsible for this phosphorylation is the 'insulin receptor tyrosine kinase'. This enzyme is activated by chromium. In rats, removal of chromium has been shown to result in the loss of kinase-potentiating activity. Besides activating the kinase, chromium also inhibits phosphotyrosine phosphatase-an enzyme responsible for inactivation of insulin receptor. The activation of 'insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and inhibition of 'insulin receptor tyrosine phosphatise by chromium would lead to an increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, which is associated with increased insulin sensitivity.
Explain Sinus Venosus Defect with Partial Anomalous Venous Connection ? In this defect the atrial septal defect is situated just below the orifice of superior vena cava above
Define Goals of National and International Requirement Estimates and RDAs? One of the goals of the RDAs has been reiterated through this unit. They serve as the guidelines for
SIMPL E PROTEINS The proteins are made of amino acids only. Additional chemicals are absent. These are of two types - (i) Fibrous (ii) Globular ( i )
Why can the consumption of molecular oxygen indicate the metabolic rate of aerobic organisms? Molecular oxygen (O2) consumption has direct relation to the cell metabolic rate i
Calf diptheria The disease is a serious one usually affecting calves up to 2 years of age. The lesions are confined to larynx and pharynx, and consist of well-defined areas of nec
Explain about the physiology of eyelid movements. Physiology of Eyelid Movements: It is quoted that the eyelids move more than any other part of the body. The major movem
living and non living
Q. Described Microbiology of Air? Ans. You would realize that air, by nature, does not contain a natural flora of microorganisms. All that comes into air is by accident and i
How to evaluate blanching efficiency? Finally, let us learn how to evaluate blanching efficiency? Normally, two of the more heat resistant plant enzymes, namely peroxidase and
The chief water conducting elements of xylem in gymnosperms are: 1. Vessels 2. Fibres 3. Transfusion tissue 4. Tracheids Tracheids
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