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Explain the Role in Insulin Formation?
You are aware that insulin receptors are present in many cells with their concentration being highest in adipocytes (cells present in adipose tissue) and hepatocytes (liver cells). You also know that insulin receptor has two extracellular alpha-subunits and two extracellular beta-subunits. It is the alpha-subunit to which insulin binds. Once insulin binds to the alpha-subunit of the receptor, a specific phosphorylation of the beta-subunit occurs through a cascade of phosphorylation reactions. This leads to increased insulin sensitivity. The enzyme partly responsible for this phosphorylation is the 'insulin receptor tyrosine kinase'. This enzyme is activated by chromium. In rats, removal of chromium has been shown to result in the loss of kinase-potentiating activity. Besides activating the kinase, chromium also inhibits phosphotyrosine phosphatase-an enzyme responsible for inactivation of insulin receptor. The activation of 'insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and inhibition of 'insulin receptor tyrosine phosphatise by chromium would lead to an increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, which is associated with increased insulin sensitivity.
What is the karyotype found in Down syndrome? Down syndrome is an aneuploidy, i.e., a numeric changing of chromosomes within the cells compared to the normal number of chromoso
Explain Procedure for Temporary Mounts of Fungal Culture? (1) Observe mould culture for the colonial appearance and colour. Also observe the underside. (2) Label the clean,
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Explain the factor Chromosomal Inheritance? A huge step forward in our understanding of heredity came in 1902, when a biologist named Walter S. Sutton proposed that Mendel's "f
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Explain the Impedance method to Measure Body Fats? Impedance method: This method can give entire body composition like total body water (TBW), fat free mass (FFM) or lean body
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What is a species? A species is a set of living beings able to cross between themselves generating fertile offspring. This concept though does not apply to individuals of ex
Roan (RW) is a color of cattle in which both red and white hairs are present due to codominance. What are the phenotype and genotype ratios of offspring produced by: roan bull and
various changes that occur during concentration of food
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