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Explain the Role in Insulin Formation?
You are aware that insulin receptors are present in many cells with their concentration being highest in adipocytes (cells present in adipose tissue) and hepatocytes (liver cells). You also know that insulin receptor has two extracellular alpha-subunits and two extracellular beta-subunits. It is the alpha-subunit to which insulin binds. Once insulin binds to the alpha-subunit of the receptor, a specific phosphorylation of the beta-subunit occurs through a cascade of phosphorylation reactions. This leads to increased insulin sensitivity. The enzyme partly responsible for this phosphorylation is the 'insulin receptor tyrosine kinase'. This enzyme is activated by chromium. In rats, removal of chromium has been shown to result in the loss of kinase-potentiating activity. Besides activating the kinase, chromium also inhibits phosphotyrosine phosphatase-an enzyme responsible for inactivation of insulin receptor. The activation of 'insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and inhibition of 'insulin receptor tyrosine phosphatise by chromium would lead to an increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, which is associated with increased insulin sensitivity.
Explain the Bioavailability of Vitamin E? For dietary purposes, vitamin E activity is expressed as a-tocopherol equivalents (a-TEs). One α-TE is the activity of l mg α-tocophe
What is ventilation A. An increase in the hydrogen ion concentration in the interstitial spaces of the brain stem leads to an increase in the duration of the respiratory cy
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Patients with aborted sudden death, hemodynamically unstable ventricular arrhythmias, and unexplained cardiogenic syncope are at high risk for fatal ventricular arrhythmias. If the
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Some observations seen in this fever are: 1. Massive loss of lean body mass or muscle due to tissue breakdown (250-500 g muscle tissue is lost/day) leading to excessive nitro
Explain about the essential fat in Humans? For the body to function normally, certain amount of body fat is required. This is called essential fat. For women, average amount of
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