Explain the magnesium deficiency and toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Magnesium Deficiency and Toxicity?

Deficiency of magnesium is rare for two reasons: frstly, the mineral is widely distributed in the foods, secondly, kidney is able to adjust re-absorption of filtered magnesium to body needs. However, Mg depletion occurs in 'various conditions, which either inlpair its intestinal absorption or increase its urinary excretion. Studies have shown that a decline in urinary magnesium excretion during protein- energy malnutrition (PEM) is accompanied by a reduced intestinal absorption of magnesium. The catch-up growth associated with recovery from PEM is achieved only if magnesium supply is increased substantially. Most of the early pathological consequences of depletion are neurologic or neuromuscular defects, some of which probably reflect the influence of magnesium on potassium flux within tissues. Thus, a decline in magnesium status produces anorexia, nausea, muscular weakness, lethargy, staggering and if deficiency is prolonged, weight loss. Progressively increasing with the severity and duration of depletion are manifestations of hyperirritability, hyperexcitability, muscular spasms, and tetany, leading ultimately to convulsions.

An increased susceptibility to audiogenic shock is common in experimental animals. Cardiac arrhythmia and pulmonary oedema frequently have fatal consequences. It has been suggested that a suboptimal magnesium status may be a factor in the etiology of coronary heart disease and hypertension but additional evidence is needed. Hypomagnesernia associated with deficiency represents a plasma Mg levels of less than 1.5 mg/dl. It leads to impaismeilt in Ca and K homeostatsis. Hypocalcernia and hypokalemia have been observed in both experimentally produced and disease-related Mg deficiency. These disturbances are partially caused by hypomagnesemia induced changes in the production and function of PTH. Reduced serum Mg initially stimulates parathyroid gland to produce more PTH, but as deficiency becomes more severe, the sensitivity of parathyroid gland to slow serum Ca concentration is impaired and level of PTH .is low in relation to degree of hypocalcernia. Decreased Mg status has been suggested as a factor contributing to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Both dysrhythmias and myocardial ischemia have been attributed to low Mg intakes. Hypomagnesemia in diabetes may be one of the risk factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy.


Related Discussions:- Explain the magnesium deficiency and toxicity

What is the result of post myocardial infarction ventricular, What is the r...

What is the result of Post Myocardial Infarction Ventricular ? Results: Hospital mortality may be as high as 30 per cent. This depends on the extent of infarction and- pre-op

Introduction to biodiversity, Biological diversity is the new buzzword, the...

Biological diversity is the new buzzword, the magic door to international funding and global travelling. We share the earth with million of other living beings. Just as we humans m

Mechanisms for pumping blood, Normal 0 false false false ...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

How the needles are classified by thier point geometry, How the needles are...

How the needles are classified by thier point geometry Needles may also be classified by their point geometry; examples include: - taper (needle body is round and tapers smo

Admission to the hospital - nursing, Admission to  the Hospital The ...

Admission to  the Hospital The  philosophy of  childcare, whether in the home, hospital, or  other community agency, should be consistently one of concern and support for the

Define epithelial tissue, Epithelial tissue the cells in animals which are...

Epithelial tissue the cells in animals which are closely packed in either single or multiple layers, and which cover internal and external surfaces both of the animal body. It is

Synergistic contribution of malnutrition to child mortality, Explain Synerg...

Explain Synergistic Contribution of Malnutrition to Child Mortality? The synergistic contribution of malnutrition to child mortality is consistent across populations and can be

Calculate how much of the absorbance of the bsa, For a sample containing bo...

For a sample containing both protein and nucleic acid, the absorbance measured at a particular wavelenght will be the sum of contributions from both types of molecule. using the pr

Transport of instruments to the sterilization area, Most dental offices hav...

Most dental offices have a designated area for instrument reprocessing that is separate from the dental treatment room. This is ideal, since cleaning, sterilizing and storing instr

Explain the numerical taxonomy, Explain the Numerical Taxonomy? Numeric...

Explain the Numerical Taxonomy? Numerical methods in taxonomy are not new. Simple statistical methods like standard deviations, t-tests and chi-squared have been used for sever

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd