Explain the magnesium deficiency and toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Magnesium Deficiency and Toxicity?

Deficiency of magnesium is rare for two reasons: frstly, the mineral is widely distributed in the foods, secondly, kidney is able to adjust re-absorption of filtered magnesium to body needs. However, Mg depletion occurs in 'various conditions, which either inlpair its intestinal absorption or increase its urinary excretion. Studies have shown that a decline in urinary magnesium excretion during protein- energy malnutrition (PEM) is accompanied by a reduced intestinal absorption of magnesium. The catch-up growth associated with recovery from PEM is achieved only if magnesium supply is increased substantially. Most of the early pathological consequences of depletion are neurologic or neuromuscular defects, some of which probably reflect the influence of magnesium on potassium flux within tissues. Thus, a decline in magnesium status produces anorexia, nausea, muscular weakness, lethargy, staggering and if deficiency is prolonged, weight loss. Progressively increasing with the severity and duration of depletion are manifestations of hyperirritability, hyperexcitability, muscular spasms, and tetany, leading ultimately to convulsions.

An increased susceptibility to audiogenic shock is common in experimental animals. Cardiac arrhythmia and pulmonary oedema frequently have fatal consequences. It has been suggested that a suboptimal magnesium status may be a factor in the etiology of coronary heart disease and hypertension but additional evidence is needed. Hypomagnesernia associated with deficiency represents a plasma Mg levels of less than 1.5 mg/dl. It leads to impaismeilt in Ca and K homeostatsis. Hypocalcernia and hypokalemia have been observed in both experimentally produced and disease-related Mg deficiency. These disturbances are partially caused by hypomagnesemia induced changes in the production and function of PTH. Reduced serum Mg initially stimulates parathyroid gland to produce more PTH, but as deficiency becomes more severe, the sensitivity of parathyroid gland to slow serum Ca concentration is impaired and level of PTH .is low in relation to degree of hypocalcernia. Decreased Mg status has been suggested as a factor contributing to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Both dysrhythmias and myocardial ischemia have been attributed to low Mg intakes. Hypomagnesemia in diabetes may be one of the risk factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy.


Related Discussions:- Explain the magnesium deficiency and toxicity

Define equilibrium conditions in multicomponent systems, Define Equilibrium...

Define Equilibrium Conditions in Multicomponent Systems? This chapter applies equilibrium theory to a variety of chemical systems of more than one component. Two different appr

Explain about the dysphagia, Explain about the Dysphagia? Dysphagia is ...

Explain about the Dysphagia? Dysphagia is the inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing. It is a common problem in those with neurological disorders and can occur in any

Phases of seed formation, Phases of Seed Formation The process of seed...

Phases of Seed Formation The process of seed formation can be divided into two phases: The division phase, in which fertilised egg divides mitotically and complet

Determine the effect of iodine deficiency, Determine the Effect of Iodine D...

Determine the Effect of Iodine Deficiency? Iodine deficiency affects all populations at all stages of life, from the intrauterine stage to old age. However, pregnant women, lac

Water absorption, Water Absorption Water status of a plant is determin...

Water Absorption Water status of a plant is determined by two major factors: i) water absorption and ii) water loss. We deal with water absorption in this section and water lo

Define the growth and development of the infant, Define the Growth and Deve...

Define the Growth and Development of the infant? Infancy is a period of rapid growth. During the first year of life, the infant grows and develops far more rapidly than at any

What is predation rate coefficient, Consider an ecosystem consisting of a p...

Consider an ecosystem consisting of a prey and a predator. If H is the density of prey, P is the density of predator, r is the intrinsic rate of prey population enhance and q is th

What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs, Q. What is the ac...

Q. What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs known protease inhibitors which are used against HIV infection? Protease inhibitors are some of the antiretroviral d

Explain about single cell proteins, Single Cell Proteins (SCP)  The t...

Single Cell Proteins (SCP)  The term SCP was coined by Prof. Caroll Wilson (MIT) in 1966. It means the proteins obtained from microbial sources, i.e. algae, fungi, bacteria,

What is the notochord, What is the notochord? How is this structure formed?...

What is the notochord? How is this structure formed? The notochord is a rodlike structure that produces the supporting axis of the embryo and gives birth to the vertebral colum

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd