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Explain the Kidney as an Endocrine Gland
The kidney produces substances that can be described as hormones. Hormones are the chemicals produced by glands in the body and circulate in the bloodstream. Etythropoietin, a glycoprotein, IS released from the kidneys in response to the tissue hypoxia. It stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow. The cellular site of production of erythropoietin is not clearly known, but acts as a hormone. 'The liver converts vitamin D (cholecalciferol) to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. This 25- hydroxy compound is then converted into 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by the kidney when the plasma calcium level is below normal. This di-hydroxy compound of vitamin D is much more active than the original vitamin in bringing about the absorption of calcium from the intestine and can be considered a hormone produced by the kidney.
An inadequate blood flow to the kidneys leds to the release of a protease enzyme called renin. Renin is secreted from juxtaglomerular apparatus (a group of cells located between afferent and efferent arterioles). It combines with angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I and angiotensin II, which is a powerful vasoconstrictor and increases the blood pressure. It also stimulates aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) secretion of the adrenal cortex.
Explain the Cabinet Respiration Such an apparatus is used when the respiratory muscles are paralyzed by an injury or an infection. A cabinet respirator consists of a box in wh
Ligases (synthetases) These enzymes (code EC 6) catalyze the linkage of two molecules coupled with the hydrolytic breakdown of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or an analogous co
Give a rock name for sample. Note that the colour of this type of rock varies greatly, depending on the abundance of organic matter and iron oxides. Samples are both carbonate rock
Maureen is a 50 year old married mother of three school age children. She works part-time at the local bank as a teller. She is going through menopause and is finding it very annoy
Explain Macrophages They are large, long living effective phagocytes, which enlarge out of monocytes. It is an irregular cell about 25-50 mm in size. It has a large ovoid nucle
Explain the Mechanism of Phagocytosis In phagocytosis, the organism is entrapped into vacuoles known as "Phagosome". The cytoplasmic granules, organelles or lysosomes fuse with
Soil Textural Classes On the basis of the proportion of different soil separates present, the soils are classified into different groups called as soil classes. The soil class
Which is NOT true about the concentration of methane gas in the atmosphere: It is generated as a byproduct of refrigerants and aerosols
lmmunoglobulin G - classification of antibodies Major defence against bacteria and their toxins. It is the major Ig - 80% in the body, can cross the capillary wall very easily
What is tha nature and scope of zoology?
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