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Problem:
(a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram.
(b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems.
(c) To address the issue of data independence, the SPARC/ANSI three level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of the model.
(d) Explain briefly the parts of the Relational Model.
Explain data independence ? Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level.
What is vertical fragmentation? Vertical fragmentation divides the relation by decomposing the scheme R of relation r.
Which method is used to key transformation ? A hash method is used to key transformation.
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
Given the subsequent relations: vehicle (reg_no, make, colour) Person (eno, name, address) Owner (eno, reg_no) Write expressions
milestone assignment
How nulls are treated in comparison operator? Along with comparison (relational) operators, the null values are ignored as we cannot derive the relation along with the given op
wh
Objectives Define the terms RECOVERY and INTEGRITY; Define Recovery Techniques; Explain Error and Error detection techniques, and Define types of Authorisation.
Smart Alex Catering Sevice (SACS) is a company offering top class catering staff for prestigious events. The company employs approximately 200 hourly paid contact staff - chefs,
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