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Explain the disadvantages of file oriented approach?
In the oriented approach Applications are designed in isolation. Design of application is optimized for one application. Independently established applications lead to data redundancy. Wasted storage space because of redundancy.
a. There is loss of data integrity since integrity checking is not automated.b. Difficulty in accessing data.c. Information is available only in reports.d. Data Isolation.e. Inadequate securityf. Limited Flexibilityg. High Maintenance cost.h. Each data file of an application is a separate entity.
We have a buildup of payments that need to be processed. You will need:- To prepare customer account on our site Process payment (you must have working Paypal account to d
Data independence seems that "the application is independent of the access strategy and storage structure of data". In other words, the ability to change the schema definition in o
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation Data that is derived from other data should be stored in the computed form to avoid re-computation. For this, we could define
Backward Recovery (UNDO): In this system the uncommitted changes made by a transaction to a database are undone. Instead the system is reset to the last consistent state of databa
Sparse and Dense Indexes These indexes in principle are the similar as that of indexes used at the back of the book. The key facts of the indexes are: They are arranged
What is an object ID? Each class-derived table has an ID for primary key, one or more object IDs form primary key for association derived tables. An object ID is equivalent dat
What is Foreign Key Foreign Key: Sometimes we may have to work with an attribute that does not have a primary key of its own. To recognize its rows, we have to use the primar
Using the concepts defined previous, we have identified that strong entities in COLLEGE database are FACULTY, STUDENT, COURSE and DEPARTMENT. This database also has one weak entity
Authorisation Authorisation is the culmination of the administrative policies of the organisation. As the name shows, authorisation is a set of rules that can be used to verif
Explain Object oriented Model ? Object Oriented Model - This model is based on the object-oriented programming language paradigm. It involves the features of OOP such as inhe
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