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Explain the disadvantages of file oriented approach?
In the oriented approach Applications are designed in isolation. Design of application is optimized for one application. Independently established applications lead to data redundancy. Wasted storage space because of redundancy.
a. There is loss of data integrity since integrity checking is not automated.b. Difficulty in accessing data.c. Information is available only in reports.d. Data Isolation.e. Inadequate securityf. Limited Flexibilityg. High Maintenance cost.h. Each data file of an application is a separate entity.
Define two-phase locking protocol. Ans: Two-phase locking is significance in the context of ensuring that schedules are serializable. The two-phase locking protocol defines a p
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Assigning Responsibility for Operation Many operations might have obvious target objects, but some of these operations could be used at numerous places in an algorithm, by one
Define NULL value NULL value NULL means something is unknown. It does NOT mean null (the digit 0). Null is as well employed as attribute value for a particular entity in which
Designing the fields in the data base The following are the considerations one has to remain in mind while designing the fields in the data base. Coding, compression, en
Given the following relations Vehicle (Reg_no, make, colour) Person(eno, name, address) Owner(eno, reg_no) Write expressions in the relational algebra to answer the following
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
What is an E-R model? Draw an E-R Diagram for the company database with following Descriptions? The company is organized within departments. Each department has a unique name a
Differentiate between the object oriented decomposition and the structured decomposition? Process-oriented (structural) decomposition divides a complex process, function or tas
What type of view of total database content? Data base content Conceptual view of total database contain.
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