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(a) Explain the three types of potential mistake which could occur if concurrency control is not properly enforced in the database system. Support your answer with appropriate example for each.
(b) Explain the data access protocol based on the compatibility matrix.
(c) Describe "deadlock" and give an example.
(d) Describe how a deadlock state can be detected and how the system can break such a state.
The indices are accumulated in the index files. The data is accumulated in the data files. Indices give fast access to data items. For example, a book database may be managed in th
If the insertion violates one or more constraints, then two alternatives are available: Default option: - Insertion can be discarded and the reason of refusal can also be ex
Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key The Employee Relation satisfies - First normal form - As it has no repeating groups. Second normal form - As it do not have multi-a
What are the costs to be considered when a transaction has to be rolled back when recovering from deadlock? Ans: A few transaction will must rolled back (made a victim)
What is an object ID? Each class-derived table has an ID for primary key, one or more object IDs form primary key for association derived tables. An object ID is equivalent dat
Speedup Query Processing: A query that includes data at various sites can be split into sub-queries. These sub- queries can be implemented in parallel by various sites. Such parall
how to find entities
What is self-transition? If there is a transition which goes back to same state, it is known as "self- transition." With a trigger action exit action would be executed f
What are the basic objects of the data dictionary? Tables Domains Data elements Structures Foreign Keys
List the requirements needed to design a trigger. The requirements are:- Specifying when a trigger is to be implemented. State the actions to be taken when the trigger im
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