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Explain the concepts of relational data model?
Relational Data Model - The relational model was first introduced through Prof. E.F. Codd of the IBM Research in the year 1970 and attracted immediate attention because of its simplicity and mathematical foundation. The model uses the concept of a mathematical relation (such as a table of values) as its primary building block, and has its theoretical basis within set theory and first-order predicate logic. The relational model represents the database as a collection of relations. The relational model such as all other models consists of three basic elements:
What is meant by mean time to failure? The mean time to failure is the amount of time that the system could run continuously without failure.
Improved availability: The data in a distributed system may be replicated so that it is at more than one site. Thus, the failure of a node or a communication link does not necessar
Fundamentals of Database Management 1. Explain the concept of Foreign Key. How a foreign key differs from a Primary Key? Can the Foreign Key accept nulls? 2. With a necess
Explain the function of input controls. Identify four types of input control and explain the function of each. Provide an example of a data integrity error that could occur i
What are the various states through which a transaction passes through in its lifetime? Briefly discuss all the events that causes transition from one state to another. Ans:
What are the storage types? The storage types are: a) Volatile storage b) Nonvolatile storage
what is check point in database management system
Consistency error : These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overc
Define Timestamp ordering Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number
What are deadlocks? How can they be avoided? Ans: Deadlock considers to a particular condition when two or more processes are every waiting for another to release a resource,
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