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Explain process to Control of Breathing?
The rate of breathing is controlled by the medulla, the segment of brain stem just above the spinal cord. If the brain stem is cut just above the medulla, the basic breathing mechanism is left intact. The level of oxygen, or pO2 , provides little feedback information, but excessive carbon dioxide in the air causes breathing to become deeper and more rapid, even in the presence of excess oxygen. In extreme situations of oxygen depletion, chemosensors located on the large blood vessels leading to the heart, the aorta, and carotid arteries send impulses to the respiratory centers, causing an increase in respiratory rate.
Muscle cells have another oxygen-carrying molecule called myoglobin, which consists of only one polypeptide chain with an iron-containing structure that binds one molecule of oxygen. This molecule serves as a reserve for periods of high oxygen demand in certain muscles. The energy required for the body to maintain life processes while at rest is called the basal metabolic rate, or BMR.
Infective Endocarditis : All patients with prosthetic valve come under the high-risk category for endocarditis. They need prophylactic antibiotics if any procedure, which is like
Eucaryotic cell structure All eucaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton made up of a network of protein filaments (Figure shown below). This network gives the cell its shape, capac
Phylum Zooflagellata (Animal Flagellates) 1) At some stage of life-cycle they have one or more flagella. 2) They feed heterotrophically by absorption or phagocytosis, and
What is Phylum Platyhelminthes - Flatworms ? This Class consists of the free-living flatworms, the best known of which is the Genus Planaria. Most of the species in this class
Viral vectors There are a large number of viral vectors available which can transfer the desired sequence properly into the host. Examples of the viral vectors are as follows
Influence of Yolk on Cleavage Though biological significance of yolk is to provide nourishment to the developing embryo, it is not part of the active cytoplasm. Yolk is dead
The signals for parturition originate from: 1. placenta only 2. placenta as well as fully developed foetus 3. oxytocin released from maternal pituitary 4. fully develop
Q. Investigation of aortic regurgitation by Chest X–Ray? Left ventricular dilatation produces cardiomegaly on chest radiograph. Ascending aorta is often prominent. Egg shell ca
Explain Regulatory enzymes Regulatory enzymes: Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex are the key enzymes which regulate
Polysaccharide - polymer composed of monosaccharide monomers Starch - Energy storage in plants à straight (amylose) and branched (amylopectin) chains of α-glucose Glycogen
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