Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

Statements concerning the inheritance of a dominant trait, Which of the fol...

Which of the following statements concerning the inheritance of a dominant trait is true? Every affected person must have at least one affected parent. The trait is observed to ski

What respectively are zygotic meiosis, What respectively are zygotic meiosi...

What respectively are zygotic meiosis, gametic meiosis and sporic meiosis? Zygotic meiosis is the one that happens in the haplontic haplobiontic life cycle. Gametes from adult

Assessment of tricuspid and pulmonary orifice areas, Assessment of Tricusp...

Assessment of Tricuspid and Pulmonary Orifice Areas Due to the rarity of tricuspid stenosis and pulmonary stenosis, no general agreement exists on what constitutes critical o

Bacterial and mycotic diseases, Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Bacteria...

Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Bacteria and fungi are microscopic organisms which are ubiquitous in nature and are widely present in soil, fresh and salt water, air, vegetation

Ink prints of leaves, Ink prints of leaves Place a small quantity of pr...

Ink prints of leaves Place a small quantity of printer's ink on a sheet of glass or a tile. Roll the ink into a thin yet layer with a rubber roller. Place a leaf, vein side up,

What is hemoglobin releasing hormone, In a red blood cell, which of the fol...

In a red blood cell, which of the following will lead to a reduction in the percentage of hemoglobin that has oxygen bound to it? A. A decrease in the amount of HbRH (Hemoglobi

Different areas of brain, Different areas of brain - HUMA N...

Different areas of brain - HUMA N BRAIN DIFFEREN T AREAS OF BRAIN Note : - In brain glutemic acid metabolins is common In latemaria brain's size

How many will be homozygous for dominant allele, In a Population that is in...

In a Population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive Homozygous genotype is 0.49. The frequency of individuals Homozygous for the Dominant allele i

Explain components of second heart sounds, Explain Components of second hea...

Explain Components of second heart sounds? The first component of S 2 is due to closure of aortic valve (A,). The second component is due to closure of pulmonary valve (P 2 ).

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd