Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

Homogeneity to the nucleic acid chains, Q. Do the phosphate and the pentose...

Q. Do the phosphate and the pentose groups give heterogeneity or homogeneity to the nucleic acid chains? What about the nitrogen- containing groups? Supported by that, which of tho

What are enzymes?, Enzymes are proteins that are catalysts of chemical reac...

Enzymes are proteins that are catalysts of chemical reactions. From Chemistry, it is called that catalysts are non-consumable substances that decrease the activation energy essenti

Determine the long buccal nerve, Long buccal nerve The long buccal nerv...

Long buccal nerve The long buccal nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve which provides sensory innervation to the buccal gingiva and mucosa of th

What is pulmonary stenosis, Pulmonary Stenosis :  The obstruction may be v...

Pulmonary Stenosis :  The obstruction may be valvar, infundibular or supra valvar.

Temperature stress, Temperature Stress We know that temperature alongwi...

Temperature Stress We know that temperature alongwith water is an important influence on the geographical distribution and range of organisms. Every organism is restricted to a

Why poriferans and cnidarians do not have excretory systems, Poriferans and...

Poriferans and cnidarians do not have excretory systems. Do platyhelminthes have an excretory system? Platyhelminthes have a primitive excretory system made of flame cells (als

Main constituents of the earth''s atmosphere in our time, What are the main...

What are the main constituents of the earth's atmosphere in our time? The present atmosphere of the earth is constituted essentially of molecular nitrogen (N2) and molecular ox

What is the life cycle of trypanosoma cruzi, Q. What is the life cycle of T...

Q. What is the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi? The Trypanosoma cruzi is a heteroxenous parasite that is it has an intermediate host, the triatomine bug, and a definitive host,

What do you mean by osseous cavity, Q. What is the osseous cavity where the...

Q. What is the osseous cavity where the pituitary gland is located? The hypophysis or pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone (one of the bones in

What is the production of rna called, What is the production of RNA called ...

What is the production of RNA called and what is the enzyme that catalyzes the process? The making of RNA from information included in DNA is called transcription. The enzyme t

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd