Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

What are diseases of the connective tissue, What are diseases of the connec...

What are diseases of the connective tissue? What are some of them? Diseases of the connective tissue are hereditary or acquired diseases(lots of autoimmune cause) characterized

Explain in detail about soil micromorphology, Explain in detail about soil ...

Explain in detail about soil micromorphology A good examination with optical aid reveals more detailed features which are helpful in understanding pedogenesis. This is known as

Children with infective endocarditis, Among neonates, IE typically involves...

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes

Explain about metabolic diseases, Q. Explain about Metabolic diseases? ...

Q. Explain about Metabolic diseases? Metabolic diseases, as you already know, refer to those disorders in which the various reactions in the cells are effected (production of e

Explain acute mr murmur in heart dieases, Explain Acute MR Murmur in heart ...

Explain Acute MR Murmur in heart dieases? MR due to ruptured papillary muscle, ruptured chordae tendinae, or due to Infective Endocarditis/Myocardial infarction. Characteri

Electrocardiography, ECG: Myocardial ischemia is indicated by T-wave invers...

ECG: Myocardial ischemia is indicated by T-wave inversions. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) criteria: R in aVL >13 mm R voltage in L1+ S III >25 mm S v1 + R v5 or v6

Social determinants of health - social exclusion, Social Determinants of He...

Social Determinants of Health - Social Exclusion Given that absolute poverty is a major determinant of ill-health, the resultant social exclusion is ‘psychologically damaging,

Determine the concept of numeric pyramid, In a numeric pyramid to which tro...

In a numeric pyramid to which trophic level does the base always refer? What about the top level? In a numeric pyramid the base corresponds to the first trophic level, i.e., to

What are the problems regarding terrestrial environment, Q. What are the pr...

Q. What are the problems that vertebrates needed to solve to adapt to the terrestrial environment since they came from the aquatic habitat? How evolution does solve those problems?

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd