Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

Genetics, Considering a pair of homologous chromosomes containing a gene ha...

Considering a pair of homologous chromosomes containing a gene having two different alleles how many different genotypes can the individual present?

Health hazards with poor management of bio-medical waste, Health Hazards wi...

Health Hazards with poor management of Bio-medical waste Health hazards associated with poor management of Bio-medical waste are: - Injury from sharps to staff and waste han

Define the flavonoids, Define the Flavonoids? Flavonoids constitute the...

Define the Flavonoids? Flavonoids constitute the largest group of plan1 polyphenols, generally arc the compounds of low molecular weight, bound to sugar molecules. You may be f

Reproduction, name the sturcture formed when the male and female nuclei fus...

name the sturcture formed when the male and female nuclei fuse during fertilisation.

Describe about the implant surgeon, Describe about The implant surgeon ...

Describe about The implant surgeon The implant surgeon should have basic knowledge of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the jaw bones with their associated neurovascul

Determine the organs of female reproductive system, What are the anatomical...

What are the anatomical relationships between the organs of the female reproductive system from the external vulva to the ovaries? The external female genitalia is called the v

What is the importance of pre procedural rinse, Q. What is the importance o...

Q. What is the importance of pre procedural rinse? Patients' use of an anti-microbial mouthwash of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate solution for 30 seconds prior to intra-oral pro

Complications of diabetes, Q. Complications of Diabetes? Diabetes, as y...

Q. Complications of Diabetes? Diabetes, as you know, is a lifelong disease. We have said earlier also that it can be controlled but not cured. Control of diabetes by ensuring n

What is the role of the nad molecule in glycolysis?, What is NAD? What is t...

What is NAD? What is the role of the NAD molecule in glycolysis? NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a hydrogen acceptor essential as reductant (to receive hydrogen) in

Roots have no chlorophyll and grow in darkness, Roots have no chlorophyll a...

Roots have no chlorophyll and grow in darkness. So how do roots obtain their food? Food made in the leaves is transported to the roots in the phloem of the vascular bundles.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd