Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

State the symptoms of epilepsy, State the symptoms of epilepsy Three p...

State the symptoms of epilepsy Three particular symptoms are found in many types of epilepsy: 1) An aura, or warning, of impending seizure: This aura may take the form of a

General guidelines of maintaining records of patients, General Guidelines ...

General Guidelines While working in the ward, you are always required to record. You should follow the general guidelines while recording which are as follows: All entri

Define stress factors - etiological risk factors in cancer, Define Stress F...

Define Stress Factors - Etiological Risk Factors in Cancer? Emotions playing a part in malignancy are not a new idea. But these relationships are extremely difficult to measure

Explain destruction of large areas of tropical rain forest, How might the d...

How might the destruction of large areas of tropical rain forest have world-wide consequences? As plants consume CO 2 during photosynthesis, extensive deforestation could resu

Explain about cerebral hemispheres, How is it structurally explained that t...

How is it structurally explained that the motor activity of the left side of the body is controlled by the right cerebral hemisphere and the motor activity of the right side of the

What is an oligopeptide, What is an oligopeptide? How is it different from ...

What is an oligopeptide? How is it different from a polypeptide? Peptide is the molecule produced by the union of amino acids through the peptide bond. Oligopeptide is a peptid

Explain diet history and nutrient intake, Explain Diet history and nutrient...

Explain Diet history and nutrient intake Diet history  and  nutrient intake : This  is used  to evaluate diet for nutrient or food intake. Common methods used include the 24-h

Dose-response extrapolation, Dose-response extrapolation In order to be...

Dose-response extrapolation In order to be compared to human exposure levels, the animal data need to be extrapolated to doses much lower than those studied. This extrapolation

How are molluscs characterized, Q Mollusc identity card. How are molluscs c...

Q Mollusc identity card. How are molluscs characterized according to examples of representing beings, basic morphology, type of symmetry, germ layers and coelom, excretory system,

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd