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Explain Inotropes and Vasopressors
Persisting hemodynamic instability after correction of hypovolemia would necessitate the use of vasoactive agents. Which drug or intervention to use would depend on the type of shock. The clinical effects of available drugs are summarized in table. In cardiogenic shock, characterised by low cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction, dobutamine is a good drug to use, as it has inotropic as well as vasodilator effect. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors like milrinone also act in a similar fashion. Pure vasodilators like glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside may also help in reducing the peripheral vasoconstriction and thereby, the systemic vascular resistance. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation increases coronary blood flow and reduces left ventricular afterload, thus reversing myocardial ischemia and improving cardiac performance. It is useful in patients in whom myocardial revascularization can be accomplished either by surgery or angioplasty and in the postoperative cardiac surgical patient with low cardiac output state. It is less successful in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock if there is no lesion that can be revscularized.
one disadvantage of the pyramid if a tree and grass each count as one organism
Explain Urine Urea Nitrogen - Nutrition during Stress? 5 gm/24 hrs. = No stress 5 to 10 gm/24 hr = mild hyper-metabolism or level 1 stress 10 to 15 gml24 hrs = moderat
Duck plague Duck plague, caused by a member of Herpesviridae, has world wide distribution and occurs among domestic and wild ducks, geese, swans and waterfowls. Epidemiolo
Autotomy and Regeneration Shedding of body parts in self-defense to avert the attention of the predator-enemy or in any other emergency is a type of autotomy (auto: self, tom
Q. Define cerebral hemisphere tissue? CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER - The remaining cerebral hemisphere tissue is the deeper cerebral white matter (60% of cerebral volume) which includ
ISOZYMES Sometimes an enzyme present in the same organism is found to have different molecular forms but catalyzing the same reaction. These are called isozymes. Th
what characteristics of fatty acids are false? (Dissolves in water, used for energy storage, used to build lipids, found in triglycerides, found in steroids)?
Nutrient Budgets - Nutrient Cycles Nutrients are constantly being added and removed by natural and artificial processes. The measure of the input and outflow of nutrients thro
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