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Explain Inotropes and Vasopressors
Persisting hemodynamic instability after correction of hypovolemia would necessitate the use of vasoactive agents. Which drug or intervention to use would depend on the type of shock. The clinical effects of available drugs are summarized in table. In cardiogenic shock, characterised by low cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction, dobutamine is a good drug to use, as it has inotropic as well as vasodilator effect. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors like milrinone also act in a similar fashion. Pure vasodilators like glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside may also help in reducing the peripheral vasoconstriction and thereby, the systemic vascular resistance. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation increases coronary blood flow and reduces left ventricular afterload, thus reversing myocardial ischemia and improving cardiac performance. It is useful in patients in whom myocardial revascularization can be accomplished either by surgery or angioplasty and in the postoperative cardiac surgical patient with low cardiac output state. It is less successful in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock if there is no lesion that can be revscularized.
Aortic Allograft (Homograft) : In the earlier years fresh antibiotic preserved aortic allografts were tried. As the shelf life is limited, availability of all sizes at all t
write breif notes on oogenesis
Family Centred Activities to Ensure Harmonious Relationship: Between various members of the family attitudes of mutual trust, love and respect for one another need to be fo
Q. Explain the nucleolus? The nucleolus is an optically and a small dense region in the interior of the cell nucleus. It is made of ribosomic proteins and RNA (rRNA). One nucle
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Proteins of Plant Origin - Seed Proteins Seed Proteins: Although a large number of plants produce seeds having protein contents in excess of 15%, only a few are utilized for fo
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The ideal clinical conditions of teeth which we know already include: - the absence of pain. - less than 0.1 mm initial hori-ontal mobility under lateral forces of less than
Explain about Cold Preservation - methods of food processing? The metabolism of a living tissue is a function of the temperature of the environment. Low temperatures are used t
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