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Explain Indications for Surgery of Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis ?
Interventional treatment is required for all neonates presenting with critical pulmonary valvar stenosis. This call be achieved percutaneously except when there is severe pulmonary annular hypoplasia (Z value of - 4 or less). Such a case will require open pulmonary valvotomy and trans annular patching under cardio-pulmonary bypass. When there is severe reduction in the size of RV, a systemic to pulmonary shunt is combined with this procedure. Ultimately they will need a Fontan like operation at about two years.
Less critical pulmonary stenosis may present in an infant, child or adult. Severe stenosis will have features of right heart failure and cyanosis due to right to left shunting at atria level. Children presenting after infancy may have mild, moderate or severe obstruction. When right ventricular peak systolic pressure is less than 50 mm of Hg and RV-PA gradient less than 25 min of Hg, they will have normal life expectancy and except for periodic follow-up, no intervention is required. RV peak pressure less than 80 mm of Hg and peak gradient less than 50 mm of Hg come in the category of moderate pulmonary stenosis. They require closer follow-up and intervention if the condition progresses. Patients presenting with gradients more that 50 mm of Hg and peak RV pressure more than 80 mm should have intervention.
Subphylum Mandibulata Most of them have three pairs of walking legs, mandibles, compound eyes, antennas, some with wings. There are four classes. Crustacea - aquatic with
why is obelia considered to of special interest in Zoology as an animal showing an intermediate grade of organisation?
CHROMOLIPID Formed by lipid & pigment, eg. carotene, xanthophylls. Lycopene present in tomato & red chilli. Carrot is rich in b-carotene, converted into vitamin A.
Occur in 10 per cent to 40 per cent of all native-valve IE, and complicates aortic IE more commonly than mitral or tricuspid IE. Periannular infection is of even greater concern wi
Explain Generation of sound in MVP? Generation of sound in MVP: These are generated due to sudden tensing of redundant leaflets and elongated of chordae tendinae. Interventions
Water Logging Over saturation of soil with water is called water logging. If for any reason, the water-table rises close to the ground surface it is bad for plants and soil fer
Define Carbohydrate requirement for cancer patients? Adequate amount (60% of total energy) of carbohydrates should be provided. If a very high calorie diet is being given, emph
Q. What is the structure into which the follicle is transformed after ovulation? What is the importance of that structure in the menstrual cycle? The follicle that released the
what''s the define of mitochodria
Q. Which other phylum of the animal kingdom present species with exoskeleton? Arthropods present exoskeleton made of chitin. Echinoderms do not have exoskeleton but they presen
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