Q. Explain about Operant conditioning?

Instrumental or else operant conditioning involves a different series of events and this what we usually think of as learning. The common pattern is:

There are three main forms of operant learning. In positive reinforcement an individual does something and is rewarded. He or she is then supplementary likely to repeat the behaviour. For instance you eat a candy bar (behaviour) it tastes good (consequence) and you are thus more probable to eat a similar candy bar in the future (behavioural change).

Punishment is the opposite you eat what seems like a piece of candy (behaviour) only to discover that it is a piece of soap with a foul taste (consequences) as well as subsequently you are less likely to eat anything that looks remotely like that thing ever again (changed behaviour).

It must be noted that negative reinforcement is extremely different from punishment. An illustration of negative reinforcement is an obnoxious sales person who calls you up on the phone pressuring you into buying something you do not want to do (aversive stimulus).

You finally agree to buy it (changed behaviour) and the sales person leaves you alone (the aversive stimulus is ended as a result of consequences of your behaviour). Generally marketers usually have relatively little power to use punishment or negative reinforcement. Nevertheless parking meters are frequently used to discourage consumers from taking up valuable parking space as well as manufacturers may void warranties if the consumers take their product to non-authorized repair facilities.