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Example of EXCEPT Operator - SQL
Example, like its counterpart in the theory book, illustrates the convenience of allowing any table expression to be the source for an INSERT. It assumes that all the exam scripts submitted by students have been marked and it has been decided to record marks of zero for students who failed to turn up for an exam they should have sat. (Remember that SQL's EXCEPT requires its operands to be of the same degree, unlike NOT MATCHING-hence the third element, 0, of the second operand in the example.)
Example: Awarding zero marks to students who failed to take the exam
INSERT INTO EXAM_MARK
SELECT StudentId, CourseId, 0
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
EXCEPT
FROM EXAM_MARK;
Second Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE TYPE SID AS VARCHAR(5) ; Explanation: TYPE SID announces that a type named SID is being defined to the system.
heap sort program in pl/sql
Example of Check Constraints Example: Workaround for when subqueries not permitted in CHECK constraints CREATE FUNCTION NO_MORE_THAN_20000_ENROLMENTS ( ) RETURNS BOOLEAN
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Explicit Cursors The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns
Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which labels an executable statement or the PL/SQL block. You can use a GOTO statement to
(a) What are decision support systems, and what role do they play in the business environment? (b) Data warehousing is defined as "a subject-oriented, integrated, non-volatile c
Dynamic Ranges The PL/SQL lets you determine the loop range dynamically at run time, as the example below shows: SELECT COUNT(empno) INTO emp_count FROM emp; FOR i IN 1..emp_cou
Using FIRST and LAST FIRST and LAST return the first and last (minimum and maximum) index numbers in a collection. When the collection is empty, the FIRST and LAST return NULL
Adding Table Constraints ALTER TABLE ENROLMENT ADD CONSTRAINT NameNotNull CHECK (Name IS NOT NULL) ; ALTER TABLE ENROLMENT ADD CONSTRAINT PK_StudentId_CourseId PRIM
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