Equation for principal stresses and principal planes, Mechanical Engineering

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Equation for principal stresses and principal planes:

Derive equation for principal stresses and principal planes for the element subjected to compound stresses.

Sol.: For state of stress shown in the given figure the normal stress and shear stress on any oblique plane inclined at angle θ is determined by,
445_Equation for principal stresses and principal planes.png 
1474_Equation for principal stresses and principal planes1.png 
As the principal plane should carry normal stress, shear stress acting on it is to be zero.
That is,
   1017_Equation for principal stresses and principal planes2.png 
This provides one of the principal planes, other principal plane shall be perpendicular to this plane.

Substituting value of θ in σn expression by rearranging as below.
343_Equation for principal stresses and principal planes3.png 
It provides the values of principal stresses. The largest one is called as major and smaller is called as minor principal stress.


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