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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
Define Physical and Logical independence Ans: Physical data independence: The ability to modify physical level without causing application program to be rewritten. Logic
a method named WonGame that checks each letter in the word is matched by its label
These are the binary operations; i.e., each is applied to two relations or sets. These two relations can be union compatible excluding in case of Cartesian product. Two relations R
Shared lock or Read Lock It is requested by a transaction that needs to just read the value of data item. A shared lock on a data item does not permit an exclusive lock
Create role named role_table that allows a user to create tables. Using role_table allow users kripa and reena to create tables. CREATE ROLE role_table; GRANT CREATE ANY TABLE
Given the subsequent relations: vehicle (reg_no, make, colour) Person (eno, name, address) Owner (eno, reg_no) Write expressions
I need a help with my assignment of data envelopment analysis which is due for submission next week on monday the 10th Dec. Will you be able to help so that I can submit it on tim
difference between internal schema and external schema in DBMS
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List two restrictions that are applied on the modification (updation, insertion or deletion) of base tables through view. Ans: The two restrictions are: 1. If a view
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