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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
Develop a database broker framework to implement a persistence mechanism for the domain objects involved in the use case dealt with in Question 2. a. Specify the attribute type
System Design: An Object Oriented Approach Any software systems always try to change and evolve as technology and business rules evolve. The development of information systems
Representing complex relationship among data A database may contain varieties of data interrelated to each other in numerous ways. A DBMS must have the capability to represent
Consider the following frequency counts of some itemsets in a transaction database r : freq({A}, r) = 0.405 freq({B}, r) = 0.510 freq({C}, r) = 0.303 freq({A
Define Sequence A sequence is a set of integers 1, 2, 3 that are generated in order on demand. Sequences are regularly used in databases because lots of applications require ev
Although, the essential features of E-R diagrams are enough to design many database situations. Though, with more difficult relations and advanced database applications, it is need
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
4. Describe three ways to handle missing field values
Define Specialisation and generalization in brief? Specialisation / generalization: Generalization or Specialization represents the is a relationship set, an necessary element
management information system based on functional organisation
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