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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
Determine the Strong and Weak Entity Based on the method of foreign key, there might be arise a situation when we have to relate an entity having a primary key of its own and a
What are the three types of data sources used with ODBC? An ODBC file data source is a file that can be shared between database users. An ODBC system data source is one that is
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Emergence of Client Server Architecture Some of the pioneering work that was completed by some of the relational database vendors permitted the computing to be distributed on m
Introductory course and so does not require any fancy coding. I will provide a guidance document to help you in producing the solutions.
Explain what is DDL? DDL - Data Definition Language: statements used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples: CREATE - to create objects in the database ALT
#floating point representation is used to store
Object-oriented decompositions Object-oriented decompositions of systems better are able to cope with change. Each subsystem has a well-defined interface which communicates with
What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL? The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a re
Logical Operators Rules of Precedence: Order evaluated Operator 1 All comparison operators 2
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