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It offers an effective way to organize data while there is a requirement to access individual records directly.
To access a record directly (or random access) a relationship is utilized to translate the key value in a physical address. It is called the mapping function R.
R(key value) = Address
Direct files are stored onto DASD (Direct Access Storage Device).
A calculation is carrying out on the key value to get an address. This address calculation technique is frequently termed as hashing. The calculation applied is called hash function.
The ?-Notation (Lower Bound) This notation provides a lower bound for a function to within a constant factor. We write f(n) = ?(g(n)), if there are positive constants n 0 and
The below formula is used to calculate n: n = (x * x)/ (1 - x). Value x = 0 is used to stop the algorithm. Calculation is repeated using values of x until value x = 0 is input. The
Multiplication Method: The multiplication method operates in 2 steps. In the 1ststep the key value K is multiplied by a constant A in the range O
perform the following length operation LENGTH("welcome to ICA")=
Open addressing The easiest way to resolve a collision is to start with the hash address and do a sequential search by the table for an empty location.
Q. Assume that we have separated n elements in to m sorted lists. Explain how to generate a single sorted list of all n elements in time O (n log m )?
Determine about the logic gates Many electronic circuits operate using binary logic gates. Logic gates essentially process signals that represent true or false or equivalent i.
(a) Discuss the role played by Business Intelligence Systems in giving companies strategic advantage. (b) Explain the term heuristics searching . (c) With the use of an appr
Q. The reason bubble sort algorithm is inefficient is that it continues execution even after an array is sorted by performing unnecessary comparisons. Therefore, the number of comp
For preorder traversal, in the worst case, the stack will rise to size n/2, where n refer to number of nodes in the tree. Another method of traversing binary tree non-recursively t
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