Differences between a pointer and a reference, C/C++ Programming

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Differences between a pointer and a reference

1. A reference must always point to some object where as this restriction is not imposed on a pointer.

e.g.

int *pi = 0; // pointer can point to no object.

const int &ri = 0 would be converted as ,

int temp = 0;

const int &ri = temp;

2. The assignment of one references with other changes the object being referenced and not the reference itself.

e.g.

int ival1 = 1000, ival2 = 2000;

int *pi1 = &ival1, *pi2 = &ival2;

int &ri1 = ival1, &ri2 = ival2;

pi1 = pi2;

ival1 remains unchanged but pi1 and pi2 now address the same object ival2.

ri1 = ri2;

ival1 becomes 2000. ri1 and ri2 still refer to ival1 and ival2 respectively.

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