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Differance between DDL and SDL?
DDL and SDL - The data definition language (DDL) is used through DBA and database designers to describe internal schema, conceptual schema, and mappings between these two. In a few DBMSs, a clear separation is maintained among conceptual schema and internal schema. In that case, DDL is used to exact the conceptual schema only. The other language, storage definition language (SDL) is used to specify the internal schema. The mappings among the two schemas may be specified in either one of these languages.
Improved availability: The data in a distributed system may be replicated so that it is at more than one site. Thus, the failure of a node or a communication link does not necessar
Sub query in the UPDATE command : Example : //Double the commission for employees, who have got at least 2 increments. UPDATE EMP SET COMM = COMM * 2 WHERE
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) The relation NEWSTUDENT (Enrolmentno, Sno, Sname, Cname, Cno,) has every attributes participating in candidate keys as all the attributes are assu
Sequences Sequences: Automatically produce unique numbers Are sharable Are typically used to make a primary key value Replace application code Speed up t
Critically explained the benefits and limitations of different database technologies with proper examples
Describe file organisation? A file is organized logically as a sequence of records. These records are mapped onto disk blocks. A) Fixed-Length Records Type deposit=record
Define Radix conversion method One clever way to transform binary numbers to BCD notation (binary-coded decimal) is the "double dabble algorithm". It can be adapted to transfo
What are the disadvantages of relational data ? Disadvantages • Performance - If the number of tables among that relationships to be established are large and the tables t
What is the error handling Traditionally, bits have been sent over line lacking any error correcting scheme in physical layer. The presence of the CPU in each modem makes it po
Economics: It is now usually accepted that it costs less to make a system of smaller computers with the equivalent power of a one large computer. It is more cost-effective to get s
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