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De?nition Deterministic Finite State Automaton: For any state set Q and alphabet Σ, both ?nite, a ?nite state automaton (FSA) over Q
and
Σ is a ?ve-tuple (Q,Σ, T, q0, F), where:
• T ⊆ Q × Q × Σ,
• q0 ∈ Q is the initial state (also know as the start state) and
• F ⊆ Q is the set of accepting states (also spuriously known as ?nal states).
The FSA is deterministic (a DFA) if for all q ∈ Q and σ ∈ Σ, there is exactly one p ∈ Q such that (q, p, σ) ∈ T.
Each triple in T = hq, p, σi represents an edge from state q to p labeled σ in the transition graph. The state q0 is the initial state of the transition graph (marked by the "edge from nowhere") and the states in F are the states distinguished by being circled. An FSA is deterministic if there is never any choice of what the next state is, given the current state and input symbol and there is never no choice. In terms of the transition graph, this means that every node will have exactly one out-edge for each symbol of the alphabet.
It is not hard to see that ε-transitions do not add to the accepting power of the model. The underlying idea is that whenever an ID (q, σ v) directly computes another (p, v) via
Claim Under the assumptions above, if there is an algorithm for checking a problem then there is an algorithm for solving the problem. Before going on, you should think a bit about
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