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Describe log based recovery
The most usably structure for recording data base modification is the LOG the log is a sequence of log records recording all the update activities in the data base. There are several types of log records. An update log records describes a single data base write it has these fields
Transaction identifier
Data item identifier
Old value
New value
The various types log records as.
Ø Deferred data base modification
Ø Immediate data base modification
Ø Check point
Ø Shadow paging
Differentiate between Key and superkey? Key and superkey - A key a single attribute or a combination of two or more attributes of an entity set in which is used to identify o
When is a transaction rolled back? Any changes that the aborted transaction made to the database must be uncompleted. While the changes caused by an aborted transaction have be
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There are many simple and complex approaches to implement. These reports are based on some views or certain query. The following number of reports can be built. 1. The averag
Un-Normalized Form (UNF) If a table having non-atomic values at every row, it is said to be in UNF. An atomic value is something that cannot be further decomposed. A non-atomic
What are the advantages of by using an index and what are its disadvantages ? In difference, if the search key of a secondary index is not a candidate key, it is not sufficient
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Create a view emp_dep containing e_name and number of dependents from the tables employee and dependent of (i) CREATE VIEW emp_dept AS SELECT ename, COUNT(*) FROM employee, dep
What Is Recovery? During the life of a transaction, i.e., a after the start of a transaction but before the transaction commits, various changes may be made in a database state
What are the various forms of data transparency? a) fragmentation transparency b) replication transparency c) location transparency
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