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Describe domain constraints.
Domain constraints contain entity integrity and referential integrity. The domain is a set of values that might be assigned to an attribute. The entity integrity rule states that no part of a primary key cannot be null. Referential integrity states that every foreign key value must match a primary key value or be null.
what is Nested relational model? Explain with examples.
What is Structured Query Langauge (SQL)? SQL is a powerful set-oriented language which was formed by IBM research for the databases that adhere to the relational model. It havi
Describe an data dictionary? A data dictionary is a data structure which keeps meta data about the structure of the database ie. the schema of the database.
Unrepeatable reads : Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. B
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
Explain cursors in SQL? Cursors in SQL - An object used to store the output of a query for row-through-row processing through the application programs. Cursors are constructs
What is Asterisk in SQL? Asterisk (*): In SQL, the columns for all the tables and views in the FROM clause will be displayed.
What is meant by software and hardware RAID systems? RAID can be executed with no change at the hardware level, using only software modification. Such RAID implementations are
" Wound-wait" scheme : It is based on a preemptive method. It is based on a simple rule: If Ti requests a database resource that is held by Tj
Draw an ER diagram that represents the information described below. Show all entity sets, relationship sets, primary keys, and the mapping cardinality of the relationship sets.
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