Deriving 6-month forward rates, Financial Management

Assignment Help:

Using details from table 8, let us compute the 6-month forward rate. Simple arbitrage principle, like the one used to compute the spot rates are used in this process.

For example, let us consider an investor who has 1-year investment horizon and has two alternatives, (i) to buy a 1-year T-bill or (ii) to buy a 6-month T-bill; and when it matures after six months to buy one more 6-month T-bill. If both investments have the same cash flows and carry the same risk, then they will have same value. The investor will be indifferent towards the two alternatives if both of them produce same returns in the 1-year investment horizon. But, to compare both the options, the investor needs to know the forward rate on the 6-month Treasury bill to calculate the yield available on a 6-month treasury bill that will be purchased six months from now. Using the 6-month and 1-year Treasury bill spot rate, the six month forward rate on a 6-month treasury bill can be equated.

Let us now see how to determine the forward rate. Assume that an investor purchases a six month T-bill for $X. The value of the investment at the end of six months would be:

         X (1 + y1)

Where,

         y1 = One-half the Bond-Equivalent Yield (BEY) of the theoretical
            6-month spot rate.

Let us say f represents one-half the forward rate on a 6-month treasury bill available six months from now. The future returns that the investor would be receiving on his investment one year from now if he reinvests his investment by purchasing a six month treasury bill at the end of first six months, would be:

         X (1 + y1) (1 + f)

If we consider the alternative investment in 1-year T-bill and we assume that y2 represents one-half the BEY of the theoretical 1-year spot rate, then the total value of the investment at the end of one year would be:

         X (1 + y2)2

We know that the investor will be indifferent towards the two alternatives if he receives the same return. We can represent it with the help of following equations,

         X (1 + y1) (1 + f) = X (1 + y2)2

Solving for f,

          1639_6 month forward rate.png         

Now using the theoretical spot rates given in table 8, the 6-month and the 1-year
T-bill spot rate would be:

6-month bill spot rate = 0.0400, so y1 = $1.0200.

1-year bill spot rate = 0.0420, so y2 = $0.0210.

Substituting the values in equation (1) we get:

         2480_6 month forward rate1.png

So, the six month forward rate six months form now will be 4.4% (2.2% x 2) BEY. Now let us verify the values determined.  If $X is invested in the 6-month T-Bill at 2% and the proceeds are then reinvested for six months at the 6-month forward rate of 2.2% then the total return form this option would be,

         X(1.0200) x (1.0220) = 1.04244X

Now, if we invest the same amount i.e., $X in 1-year T-bill at one half the
1-year rate, 1.02105%, then return from this option would be,

         X (1.0210)2 = 1.04244 X

In a similar manner, 6 month forward rate beginning at any time period in the future can be calculated.  The notation we use to indicate 6-month forward rates is 1fm. In this, sub script 1 represents a 1-period (6-month) rate and subscript m represents the period beginning m period form now. When m is zero, then it represents current rate. Therefore, the first six months forward (1fm) rate is simply the current six month forward rate (y1).  The formula to determine a six month forward rate is:

         2438_6 month forward rate2.png


Related Discussions:- Deriving 6-month forward rates

Hedge against this foreign currency exposure, Question: Part A: Just...

Question: Part A: Justify and criticize the usual assumption made in Financial Management literature that the objective of a firm is to maximize the wealth of its sharehol

Explain the cash and cash equivalents, Explain the Cash and cash equivalent...

Explain the Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include: Bank and cash balances Short term investments that are highly liquid and can be converted

Fraud and society and analytical techniques, Fraud and Society and Analytic...

Fraud and Society and Analytical Techniques: Fraud and Society - The effects and financial consequences of fraud in society including the individual, older people, financial

Cost of capital, The Nu-Nu Brothers Inc. (NNBI) has the following capital s...

The Nu-Nu Brothers Inc. (NNBI) has the following capital structure, which it considers to be optional: Debt 25% Preferred Stock 15% Common Equity 60% NNBI''''s expected net income

Define the covered arbitrage process and arbitrage profit, Assume that the ...

Assume that the current spot exchange rate is FF6.25/$ and the 3 month forward exchange rate is FF6.28/$. The 3 month interest rate is 5.6% per year in the U.S. and 8.8% per year i

Bond Valuation, The Pennington Corporation issued a new series of bonds on ...

The Pennington Corporation issued a new series of bonds on January 1, 1979. The bonds were sold at par ($1,000), have a 12 percent coupon, and mature in 30 years, on December 31,

Perpetual-floating rate bonds-index and linked bonds, Explain the following...

Explain the following term: Perpetual bonds, Floating rate bonds, Index-linked bonds and Callable bonds. Perpetual bonds (also termed as consols) are never mature. This

Define the cash budget, Q. Define the Cash Budget? Cash Budget: - A cas...

Q. Define the Cash Budget? Cash Budget: - A cash budget is an estimation of cash receipts and cash payments for a future period of time. It is prepared to predict the cash requ

Is there an optimal capital structure, Is there an optimal capital structur...

Is there an optimal capital structure? What is it and how can it be calculated? There is no optimal capital structure. Capital structure is a variable which depends on the incl

Show financial management process, Q. Show Financial Management Process? ...

Q. Show Financial Management Process? The financial management process begins with the financial planning and decisions. While implementing these decisions, the firm has to acq

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd