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Consider a database whose universe is a finite set of vertices V and whose unique relation .E is binary and encodes the edges of an undirected (resp., directed) graph G: (V, E). Each undirected edge between the nodes o and u (resp., directed edge from the node v to the node u) is encoded by the two atoms E (v, u) and E (u, v) (resp., by the single atom E (v, u)).
Consider the pairs of stucture (undirected (resp., directed) graphs) shown in Fig. 1. Suppose that the graphs are encoded in a database as explained above. For each pair, answer the following questions:
1. What is the smallest quantifier rank k for which the spoiler wins the k-move Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game on the pair of structure?
2. Derive a Boolean first-order query from your winning strategy that is true on one structure but not on the other (you can use the equality relation between vertices).
Example Write down the equation of a circle alongwith radius 8 & center ( -4, 7 ) . Solution Okay, in this case we have r =8 , h = -4 and k = 7 thus all we have to do i
i have question like proof, can you please help me on it?
How to Simplifying Square Roots ? To simplify square roots, 1. Factor the radicand into primes. 2. Circle each pair of like numbers. 3. For each pair of like numbers, place
Series - Convergence/Divergence In the earlier section we spent some time getting familiar with series and we briefly explained convergence and divergence. Previous to worryin
If e were rational, then e = n/m for some positive integers m, n. So then 1/e = m/n. But the series expansion for 1/e is 1/e = 1 - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3! + ... Call the first n v
3x^2+19x-14=0
Steps in solving graphical method of simultaneous linear equations
The next topic that we desire to discuss here is powers of i. Let's just take a look at what occurring while we start looking at many powers of i . i 1 = i
how many zeros comes in crore, lac,billion etc.
Euler's Method Up to this point practically all differential equations which we've been presented along with could be solved. The problem along with this is which the exceptio
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