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Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema.
Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest level of abstraction describing how the data are actually stored.
Logical schema: The logical schema explains the database design at the logical level, which explains what data are keeps in the database and what relationship exists between the data.
Question 1 Explain the concept of database recovery management. Explain the different levels of backup used for recovering data Question 2 What are the different types of par
What are the disadvantages of relational data ? Disadvantages • Performance - If the number of tables among that relationships to be established are large and the tables t
define locking in simple language and decribed it
Define a relation ? Relation - A relations is a named two-dimensional table of data. Mathematically, a relation can be described as a subset of the cartesian product of a lis
A Functional dependency is described by X Y between two groups of attributes Y and X that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can make a relation
Sub query in the UPDATE command : Example : //Double the commission for employees, who have got at least 2 increments. UPDATE EMP SET COMM = COMM * 2 WHERE
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What is a shadow copy scheme? It is simple, but efficient, scheme known as the shadow copy schemes. It is based on making copies of the database called shadow copies that singl
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