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Q. Define Resistance in lumped-circuit?
An ideal resistor is a circuit element with the property that the current through it is linearly proportional to the potential difference across its terminals,
i = v/R = Gv, or v = iR
which is known as Ohm's law, published in 1827. R is known as the resistance of the resistor with the SI unit of ohms (), and G is the reciprocal of resistance called conductance, with the SI unit of siemens (S). The circuit symbols of fixed and variable resistors are shown in Figure, along with an illustration of Ohm's law. Most resistors used in practice are good approximations to linear resistors for large ranges of current, and their i-v characteristic (current versus voltage plot) is a straight line.
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where ρ is the resistivity of the material in ohm-meters ( · m), and σ is the conductivity of the material in S/m, which is the reciprocal of the resistivity.Metal wires are often considered as ideal
merits amd demerits of series and shunt clipper
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