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Data independence seems that "the application is independent of the access strategy and storage structure of data". In other words, the ability to change the schema definition in one level could not change the schema definition in the next higher level. Two kinds of Data Independence:
What are the advantages of creating a table from existing table?
Define the phases of two phase locking protocol Growing phase: a transaction may get locks but not release any lock. Shrinking phase: a transaction might be release locks bu
Show, with the help of an example, that relatively high-level transitions result when system or program is stimulated by the outside events. In diagram below, we can observe i
What are the advantages of relational data model? Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer
What is a data dictionary? A data dictionary is a data structure which keeps Meta data about the structure of the database i.e. the schema of the database.
Draw the precedence graph of the following schedule and determine whether the schedule is serializable. (Note that all instructions, except lock and unlock, are omitted. We assume
What is bucket overflow and how bucket overflow is handled through Over Flow Chaining or Closed Hashing? Ans: Bucket: unit of storage holding records. Bucket is a disk block
Mixed fragmentation: Sometimes, horizontal fragmentation or vertical fragmentation of a database schema by itself is insufficient to sufficiently distribute the data for some appli
What is Trigger? Trigger: A database trigger is procedural code which is automatically executed in response to specific events on a particular table in a database. Triggers can
Consistency error : These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overc
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