Define about the hyponatremia and hypernatremia, Biology

Assignment Help:

Define about the Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia?

Serum concentration of sodium is normally regulated within the range of 135 to 145 milimole per litre (a). Hyponatremia is defined as a Na level under 130 mM/L. When plasma Na level falls below 120 mM/L, symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures and coma can occur, Hyponatrernia can arise from shift of water from cells to extracellular compartment, which is induced by an increase in solutes in plasma for example increased plasma glucose in diabetes can result in the shift of water from ICF to ECF, diluting the Na concentration. Hyponatremia is also induced by renal failure when .kidney's impaired ability to excrete waste products results in build up of solutes in plasma. It can also occur from an overall decrease in body, Na, as occurs during diarrhoea and vomiting.

Rare instances of hyponatremic dehydration have been reported in sports persons rehydrated only with water. Hypernatremia occurs less commonly and is defined as serum sodium level above -A 145 mM/L. The initial symptoms include irritability, lethargy and restlessness. Seizures and death may occur when plasma levels rise above 160 mM/L. Hypernatremia occurs with loss of water that is disproportionately greater than sodium and is associated with excessive sweating and hyperventilation. It can also occur when thirst mechanism is impaired because of damage to hypothalamus.


Related Discussions:- Define about the hyponatremia and hypernatremia

What is physiology root pressure explain briiefly, What is Physiology: Root...

What is Physiology: Root Pressure explain briiefly? Transport of water, minerals and nutrients within vascular plants is dramatically different from animals such as humans. Whe

What are four initial stages of the embryonic development, Q. What are the ...

Q. What are the four initial stages of the embryonic development? The four early stages of the embryonic development are the blastula stage, the morula stage, the gastrula stag

How is water importance to life, How is water's importance to life reflecte...

How is water's importance to life reflected in the normal range of internal pH values that living things are likely to have?

Define lipoprotein metabolism, Q. Define Lipoprotein Metabolism? Lipopr...

Q. Define Lipoprotein Metabolism? Lipoproteins serve to transport absorbed dietary fat and endogenously synthesized cholesterol and triglyceride. Nevertheless, it is possible t

Explain the process of nuclear reorganization, Process of nuclear reorganiz...

Process of nuclear reorganization in protozoa in which nucleus divides, each half undergoes a maturation, and two persisting functional nuclei reunite is termed as: a) Autogamy

Reproduction, what is the arrangement of microtubules in the sperm

what is the arrangement of microtubules in the sperm

After purchasing - nursing software, After Purchasing The following po...

After Purchasing The following points should be considered for after purchase facilities. Avail of any training the software engineer or vendor may provide, even if it

Measures of evenness, Measures of Evenness The maximum Shannon-Wiener i...

Measures of Evenness The maximum Shannon-Wiener index for a given number of species can be calculated as: The minimum Shannon-Wiener index for a given data set can be c

Why energy requirement are different in different situations, Why do you th...

Why do you think the energy requirements are different in situations? Well the requirement is dependent on the ways in which the body spends energy. For example in the first c

How do kidneys participate in the blood volume control, Q. How do kidneys p...

Q. How do kidneys participate in the blood volume control? How is the blood volume of the body related to the arterial pressure? The kidneys and the hormones that act upon them

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd