Define about the hyponatremia and hypernatremia, Biology

Assignment Help:

Define about the Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia?

Serum concentration of sodium is normally regulated within the range of 135 to 145 milimole per litre (a). Hyponatremia is defined as a Na level under 130 mM/L. When plasma Na level falls below 120 mM/L, symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures and coma can occur, Hyponatrernia can arise from shift of water from cells to extracellular compartment, which is induced by an increase in solutes in plasma for example increased plasma glucose in diabetes can result in the shift of water from ICF to ECF, diluting the Na concentration. Hyponatremia is also induced by renal failure when .kidney's impaired ability to excrete waste products results in build up of solutes in plasma. It can also occur from an overall decrease in body, Na, as occurs during diarrhoea and vomiting.

Rare instances of hyponatremic dehydration have been reported in sports persons rehydrated only with water. Hypernatremia occurs less commonly and is defined as serum sodium level above -A 145 mM/L. The initial symptoms include irritability, lethargy and restlessness. Seizures and death may occur when plasma levels rise above 160 mM/L. Hypernatremia occurs with loss of water that is disproportionately greater than sodium and is associated with excessive sweating and hyperventilation. It can also occur when thirst mechanism is impaired because of damage to hypothalamus.


Related Discussions:- Define about the hyponatremia and hypernatremia

What factor contributed to the current variations, According to the theory ...

According to the theory of natural selection, what factor below contributed to the current variations in beak sizes of finch species on the Galapagos Islands? a. Finches dispersed

What would most likely be true, You are given a metaphase chromosome prepar...

You are given a metaphase chromosome preparation (a slide) from an unknown organism that contains 12 chromosomes. Two that are clearly smaller than the rest appear identical in len

Illustrate working of mitochondria and chloroplasts, Q. How is the finding ...

Q. How is the finding of ribosomes inside mitochondria and chloroplasts explained? It is a strong hypothesis that chloroplasts and mitochondria were prokaryotes that associated

Define major divisions & representing species of gymnosperm, What are the m...

What are the major divisions and representing species of the gymnosperms? This group of plants can be separated into conifers (pine, sequoia, cypress), that have flowers called

Species diversity, Species Diversity Species diversity means the differe...

Species Diversity Species diversity means the differences between species (both domesticate d and wild). It is the most visible component of biodiversity as implied by the word

What is osteoblast, What is osteoblast The osteoblast is the key for th...

What is osteoblast The osteoblast is the key for the development of new bone. It is essential that a large number of osteoblasts accumulate on the implant surface(contact osteo

Rk, how many chromosomes in human

how many chromosomes in human

Define the cooper''s run (12 minute run) method, Define the Cooper's Run (1...

Define the Cooper's Run (12 minute run) Method? To undertake this test, a 400 metre running track is required-marked every 100 m and a stop watch. The test comprises of noticin

Explain H - shaped incision, Q. Explain H - Shaped Incision? This type ...

Q. Explain H - Shaped Incision? This type of incision is especially useful for: The anterior maxilla or mandible. Accurately identified implant position. Exposure o

Describe what types of results describe hypothesis, Why did giraffes develo...

Why did giraffes develop long necks? 1) Describe an experiment to test this hypothesis. Be explicit about the methods you will use, the setting, the time that the experiment wil

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd