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Data Manipulation Language
Data manipulation language (DML) describes a set of commands that are used to query and change data within existing schema objects. In this case commit is not implicit that is alters are not permanent till explicitly committed. DML statements having of SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT and DELETE statements.
Explain Thomas' Write rule. Show how it is different from timestamp ordering protol Ans: In timestamp-based concurrency control the thomas Write rule is a rule. Given a Timest
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
What is a PROJECT operation? The project operation is a unary operation that returns its argument relation with particular attributes left out. Projection is shown by pie (π).
Differentiate between logical database design and physical database design. Show how this separation leads to data independence? Basis Logical Databas
What are domain constraints? A domain is a set of values that might be assigned to an attribute .all values that appear in a column of a relation must be taken from the similar
each publisher has uniqe name a mial addrs are also kept on each pubisher.a publisher publish one book.a book publish y one publisher.book identified by isbn.each book writn by one
Let consider the given partial relation EMP. Let us make some sub-queries for them EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO 7566
Define Query Processing Query processing is the process of selecting the best plan or strategy to be employed in responding to a database request. The plan is then executed to
what is binary relationship
Question 1 Indexes are ocasionally defines on a single field of a file called an indexing field. List and describe the different types of indexes Question 2 Consider a book i
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