Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Calculate the feedback fraction, Q. The gain of an amplifier without feed...

Q. The gain of an amplifier without feedback is 100 and the gain of an amplifier with feedback is 200. Calculate the feedback fraction. Solution : Voltage gain after feedba

Particle function, Particle function: Protons The number of proton...

Particle function: Protons The number of protons in an atom determines the kind of material: Eg. Hydrogen 1 proton Helium 2 protons Lithium 3 protons B

What are the different kinds of transducers available, Question 1. Disc...

Question 1. Discuss the quality control measures for ultrasound equipment? 2. What are the different kinds of transducers available? How will you select the appropriate tran

Define about the puncture, Define about the Puncture? A dense ideal gas...

Define about the Puncture? A dense ideal gas flows out of a small hole in a tire which has a pressure P o inside. a) Calculate the velocity of gas outside the tire in the

What is the means in which light waves travel, What is the means in which l...

What is the means in which light waves travel? Ans: Light is the only type of wave that doesn't require a medium. Confirmation that light will travel through vacuum is the

How a cph does stop or its speed decreases, How a CPH does stop or its spee...

How a CPH does stop or its speed decreases? Answer; it is a principle that Vc is stable thus that; gradV c =0 Thus, never V c increases or decreases.

Relative density, A mass floats with 1/3rd of its volume outside water what...

A mass floats with 1/3rd of its volume outside water what will be its relative density? Ans) 8/3 g/cc

Determine work output unit mass of air & thermal efficiency, Consider air (...

Consider air (ideal gas) as working substance inside a piston-cylinder device (closed system). This air undergoes a power cycle as shown in figure. Determine work output per unit m

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd