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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Coincidences : Astonishing concurrence of the events, perceived as meaningfully related, with no apparent causal connection. Such type of events abounds in everyday life and is oft
The procedures for extracting the pattern in a series of observations when this is obscured by the noise. Basically any such technique or method separates the original series into
#explanation of methods of collection of data..
Ordinal variable is a measurement which allows a sample of the individuals to be ranked with respect to some characteristic but where differences at different points of the scale
Hill-climbing algorithm is an algorithm which is made in use in those techniques of cluster analysis which seek to find the partition of n individuals into g clusters by optimizin
Using World Bank (2004) World Development Indicators; Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction & Development/ The World Bank, located in the reference section of the Learn
data modelling
K-means cluster analysis is the method of cluster analysis in which from an initial partition of observations into K clusters, each observation in turn is analysed and reassigned,
need answers to questions in book advanced and multivariate statistical methods
Compound symmetry : The property possessed by the variance-covariance matrix of the set of multivariate data when its chief diagonal elements are equal to each other, and in additi
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