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Consistency error: These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overcome these errors the database system should contain routines that check for the consistency of data entered in the database.
Define the Attribute Inheritance The attributes of a higher level entity set are inherited through a lower level entity set made by specialization-generalization hierarchy. Nam
Describe domain constraints. Domain constraints contain entity integrity and referential integrity. The domain is a set of values that might be assigned to an attribute. The en
Cardinality of Relationship One-to-One Only one entity of the first set is linked to only one entity of the second set. E.g. A teacher teaches a student. Only one teacher
Components of database manager The above functions are reached by the database manager. The major elements of a database manager are: Authorisation control: This mod
Insulation between conceptual and physical structures It can be defined as: 1. The Database Administrator should be capable to vary the storage structures without affectin
FDs in Entities : Student entity : Enrolment number → Student name, Address Course Entity :
Wait-die" scheme : The idea is based on non-preventive method. It is based on a simple rule: If Ti requests a database resource that is held by T
Consider the E/R schema with weak entity sets shown below. Come up with the SQL CREATE TABLE statements (with appropriate primary key, unique and foreign key constraints). Include
Define Timestamp ordering Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number
give me a diagram about physical or internal level
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