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Consistency error: These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overcome these errors the database system should contain routines that check for the consistency of data entered in the database.
Define an operator that a Relational Algebra does not have Ans: Relational Algebra does not have Aggregation operators.
Define instance and schema? Instance: Collection of data stored in the data base at a certain moment is Schema: The overall design of the data base is known as the data base
The insertion of a tuple in the aim of reference does not cause any destruction. Though, insertion of a tuple in the relation in which, we has the foreign key, for instance, in ASS
Define query optimization. Query optimization refers to the process of search the lowest -cost method of evaluating a given query.
Identification of concurrency Identification of concurrency: Dynamic model identifies concurrency. Two objects are said to be parallel (concurrent) if they can receive events a
What are object interaction diagrams? Object interaction diagrams are the diagrams that used to describe order in which messages are communicated in execution of an operation,
Single Valued Normalisation Codd in the year 1972 formed three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF). These were based on functional dependencies between the attributes of a relati
State the terms Designing the database and Normalization Designing the database: Out of the ERD we have formed, it is very easy to verify the tables, the attributes which the
Define the Third Normal Form: The third normal form (3NF) is a normal form employed in database normalization. 3NF was initially defined by E.F. Codd in 1971. Codd's definitio
Define the Two Phase Locking Protocol This is a protocol that is used to make sure serializability of transactions. This protocol needs that every transaction issue lock and u
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