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Compare the Nested-loop join and block-nested loop join
Ans: Nested loop join - It is costly as worst case cost, no. of block accesses needed is nr * bs + br where bs and br denote no. of blocks containing ns and nr tuples of relations S and R, relevant and in best case there will be br + bs block accesses
Block-nested-loop join - In worst case no. of block accesses is br*bs + br. In best case, br +bs block accesses will be needed.
What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE? HAVING CLAUSE - HAVING CLAUSE is used only with SELECT statement. - It is normally used in a GROUP BY
The following variant of the primary copy asynchronous-update replication protocol has been proposed for totally replicated systems. (a) A transaction executing at site A updat
What is meant by the degree of relationship set? The degree of relationship type is the number of participating entity types.
Consider the relation PERSON. If you want to display details of persons having age less than or equal to 30 than the select operation will be used as follows: σ AGE The resu
Reflects organisational structure: Many organizations are distributed over various locations. If an organisation has many offices in dissimilar cities, databases used in such an ap
Question: In a multi-user database environment, locking mechanisms can be used to solve the three basic problems of concurrency. On the other hand, however, locking may also le
A customer places orders for parts and belongs to a particular industry group. An individual order is taken by a particular sales representative on a specific date and the sales re
The advantages of a database management system (DBMS) include :- Data integrity and elimination of duplication.
What is a Name? A user-supplied name is used for identity. This form of identity is used for files in file systems. The user gives every file a name that uniquely identifies it
These are designed to reduce the effects of a database failure and make sure a database is restored to a consistent state if a failure does arise. Manual backup/restore utilities n
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