Chronic Renal Failure (CFW)

Chronic renal failure begins when the diseased kidney can no longer maintain the normal chemical structure of body fluids under normal conditions. Progressive deterioration over months or years produces a variety of clinical and biochemical disturbances that eventually culminate in the clinical syndrome known as uremia. A variety of diseases and disorders can result in chronic renal failure. The most frequent causes are congenital renal and urinary tract malformation associated with recurrent urinary tract infection, chronic pyelonephritis, hereditary disorders, etc. 

Pathophysiology 

There is progressive nephrotic destruction. Child remains asymptomatic. Few normal nephrons are able to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. At the end there is accumulation of various biochemical substances in the blood which diminishes renal function and leads to complications such as retention of waste products, water and sodium retention, hyperleukemia, anemia, growth disturbances, susceptibility to infection.