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Chemical properties of monohydric alcohols
Characteristic reaction of alcohol are the reaction of the - OH group. The reactions of the hydroxyl group includes either cleavage of C - O bond or the cleavage of O - H bond.
C - O bond is weaker or weak in the case of tertiary alcohols because of +I effect of alkyl groups whereas - OH bond is weak in primary alcohols as electron density increase among O - H bond and hydrogen tends to separates as a proton.
So primary alcohols provide the most of reaction by cleavage of O - H bond whereas tertiary alcohols are most reactive due to cleavage of C - O bond. Therefore - O - H cleavage reactivity order:
Primary > Secondary > Tertiary
and C - O - cleavage reactivity order :
Tertiary > Secondary > Primary alcohol
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