Causes of heart failure, Biology

Assignment Help:

It is important to recognise underlying causes and precipitating factors of heart failure for its appropriate management. That would also help in prevention and treatment of heart failure. The causes could be broadly classified as those due to myocardial damage or volume overload or pressure overload or arrhythmias.

Myocardial Damage  

Coronary artery disease (myocardial ischemia or infarction), myocarditis, cardiomyopathies could lead to myocardial dysfunction.

Volume Overload Conditions

Valvular diseases (e.g. aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation) and congenital heart diseases (e.g. ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus)

Pressure Overload Conditions

Hypertension, aortic stenosis, coarctation of aorta impose pressure overload on the heart.

Precipitating Causes of Heart Failure

In majority of the cases one is often able to identify a precipitating cause of heart failure.

Arrhythmias

Cardiac arrhythmias are common in patients with various types of heart diseases and may precipitate or worsen heart failure through several mechanisms:

a) Tachyarrhythmias reduce ventricular filling, increase myocardial oxygen demand and in patients with coronary artery disease aggravate myocardial ischemia. This results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. If persistent it may cause a reversible cardiomyopathy (tachyarrhythmias induced cardiomyopathy).

b) Marked bradycardia in patients with underlying heart disease depresses cardiac output.

c) Atrioventricular dissociation results in loss of atrial boost leading to impaired ventricular filling, lower cardiac output and raised atrial pressure.

d) Abnormal intraventricular conduction impairs myocardial performance due to asynchronous ventricular contraction.


Related Discussions:- Causes of heart failure

Explain the intracellular perfusion fluid, At 1 AM, a healthy squid giant a...

At 1 AM, a healthy squid giant axon is placed in a bath of normal squid physiological extracellular saline and is internally perfused with normal squid intracellular saline.

What factors influence whether a person will develop cancer, What factors i...

What factors influence whether a person will develop cancer? Factors contain the person's age, number of exposures to carcinogens, amount of carcinogen in every exposure, and p

How to investigate aortic stenosis by cardiaccatheterization, Q. How to inv...

Q. How to investigate aortic stenosis by Cardiac Catheterization? The indications are to confirm hemodynamics when the non-invasive tests are not conclusive or there is a disc

Alimentory canal, how to do assignment on alimentory canal

how to do assignment on alimentory canal

Explain phylum sarcdina, Phylum Sarcdina 1) They move by means of pseud...

Phylum Sarcdina 1) They move by means of pseudopodia (ralse feet) or similar structures. 2) They feed heterotrophically by phagocytosis.   Some examples: Amoeba, Entamo

What is the morphological feature of molluscs, Q What is the morphological ...

Q What is the morphological feature of molluscs after which the phylum is named? The word "mollusc" imply "soft thing". Molluscs have soft bodies and this feature describes the

Atoms, the mass number is used to calculate the number of _________in one a...

the mass number is used to calculate the number of _________in one atom of an elemement. In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the _______from the ______.

What is central shunt in palliative operations, What is Central Shunt in Pa...

What is Central Shunt in Palliative Operations? When the pulmonary artery branches are small, an interposition graft could be used as a shunt between main pulmonary artery and

Explain historical example of connecting models and data, Explain Historica...

Explain Historical Example of connecting models and data? An excellent instance of a program that links theory and data is collaborative work on the population dynamics of flou

Explain the consequences of malnutrition, Explain the Consequences of Malnu...

Explain the Consequences of Malnutrition? Malnutrition manifests itself in terms of illness and death in all age groups. Children, pregnant women, nursing mothers and elderly a

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd