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UNION If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations then R3 = R1 ∪ R2 is the relation having tuples that are either in R1 or in R2 or in both. In case, R3 will have tuples
Submission Requirements All answers must be computer generated (including text and diagrams). The hand-in version must include a header page (or with sufficient space)
Explain group By clause in SQL? Group By clause in SQL: The GROUP BY clause can be used in a SELECT statement to collect data across multiple records and group the results thro
Explain entity integrity and referential integrity rules within relational model. Show how these are realized in SQL? Entity Integrity Rule - No primary key value could be nu
Unrepeatable reads : Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. B
Explain the functions of data manager? Functions of Data Manager : - Convert operations in user's queries coming directly through query processor or indirectly in an applicatio
Two Phase Locking (2PL) The two-phase locking protocol having of two phases: Phase 1 : The lock acquisition phase : If a transaction T needs to read an object, it wants to
Describe Physical Data independence ? Physical Data Independence - It is capacity to modify the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Therefore, the exter
What is Collation Collation is a kind of sort order. There are majorly 3 types of sort orders, namely: i.) Dictionary case insensitive ii.)Dictionary - case sensitive
Table_Name( attribute_1, attribute_2, attribute_3, ….. ,attribute_x) Primary Key ( attribute_1, attribute_2) Foreign Key attribute_4 References Table_Name_2 (repeat for each fore
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