Capital Rationing, Finance, Other Engineering

Assignment Help:
Capital Rationing

Capital Rationing refers to a situation where the firm is constrained for external, or self-imposed, reasons to obtain necessary funds to invest in all investment projects with positive NPV. Under capital rationing the management has not simply to determine the profitable investment opportunities, but it has also to decide to obtain that combination of the profitable projects which yields highest NPV within the available funds.

Why capital rationing

Capital rationing may arise due to external factors or internal constraints imposed by the management. Thus there are two types of capital rationing:

• External capital rationing

• Internal capital rationing.

External capital rationing

External capital rationing mainly occurs on account of the imperfection in capital markets. Imperfections may be caused by deficiencies in market information, or by frigidities of attitude that hamper the free flow of capital. For example, supreme electronics ltd is a closely held company; it borrows from the financial institutions as much as it can. It still has investment opportunities, which can be financed by issuing equity capital. But it doesn’t issue shares; the owner-managers do not approve the idea of the public issue of shares because of the fear of losing control of the business. Consider another case. Tan India wattle extracts ltd. Proposes to set up a plant for manufacturing wattle extract. There is expected to be tremendous demand for wattle extract and therefore the proposed project is likely to be highly profitable. The respective investors however, are not convinced of the prospects of the project. For the company, therefore, the capital markets are non-existent. The NPV rule will not work if shareholders do not have access to the capital markets. Imperfections in capital markets alone do not invalidate use of the NPV rule. In reality, we will have very few situations where capital markets do not exist shareholders.

Internal capital rationing

Internal capital rationing is caused by self-imposed restrictions by the management. Various types of constraints may be imposed. For example, it may be decided not to obtain additional funds by incurring debt. This may be a part of the firm’s conservative financial policy. Management may fix an arbitrary limit to the amount of funds to be invested by the divisional mangers. Sometimes management may resort to capital rationing by requiring minimum rate of return higher than the cost of capital whatever may be the type of restrictions, the implication is that some of the predictable projects will have to be foregone because of the lack of funds. However, the NPV rule will work since shareholders can borrow or lend in the capital markets.

It is quite difficult sometimes to justify the internal capital rationing. But generally it is used as a means of financial control in a divisional set-up the divisional managers may overstate their investment requirements. One watt o forcing them to carefully assess their investment opportunities and set priorities is to put upper limits to their capital expenditures. Similarly, a company may put investment limits if it finds itself incapable of coping with the strains and organizational problems of a fast growth.

Related Discussions:- Capital Rationing, Finance

Cash Flows Components, A typical investment will have three components of c...

A typical investment will have three components of cash flows: • Initial investment • Annual net cash flows • Terminal cash flows. Initial investment Initial investme

Means of escape from trains - railway inspections, Means of escape from tra...

Means of escape from trains - railway inspections: The means of  escape from  trains is also considered  in  NFPA130.     Some  of  the considerations are: At least two eme

DPC IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, I WANT TO KNOW WHAT IS DPC TERM MEANING IN CIVIL...

I WANT TO KNOW WHAT IS DPC TERM MEANING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

The compression after impact test, This Compression After Impact (CAI) test...

This Compression After Impact (CAI) test fixture was developed by the Boeing Company. The specimen, typically, but not necessarily, a quasi-isotropic laminate, is 6" long, 4" wide,

Trade-offs in communications designs, Trade-offs in Communications Designs ...

Trade-offs in Communications Designs Satellite and Deep Space Communications               - Power is expensive to generate in space and transmission distances are eno

Efficient market hypothesis, the nature and importance of the efficient mar...

the nature and importance of the efficient market hypothesis and comment on the implications for managers and investors?

Homework, Assume that a movie is two hours long, that the frame rate is 30 ...

Assume that a movie is two hours long, that the frame rate is 30 frames per second, and that the resolution per frame is 1080i (1920×1080 pixels per frame), and that each pixel is

Composite materials - approximate stability equatation, Most vehicles have ...

Most vehicles have the XZ plane as a plane of symmetry which results in D = 0 and F = 0. Further if the disturbance velociies are small then terms proportional to the square and pr

Surveying, Write short notes on the overcoming the following obstucal with ...

Write short notes on the overcoming the following obstucal with good leblel diagram 1 RIVER 2.BUILDING 3.DAM

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd