Q. Can you explain Curved heads ?

In case of rivers carrying high discharges of the order of 28300 m³ Is and above, Gale's recommendations are more conservative than Spring's. For rivers with discharge of the order of 14150 m³/s, radius of curve according to different authors is nearly same. For discharges smaller than 14150 m³ /s radius can possibly be shorter than suggested by Spring. In the absence of definitive overall criteria, judgement needs to be used in selecting suitable radius or radii when the curve is composite. In case of major bridge projects, aid of hydraulic model studies may, in addition, be sought in finalising the curve.