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Calculating unknown resistances
The current through the galvanometer (G) - a very sensitive ammeter, is reduced to zero by adjusting R4. The bridge is then said to be balanced. When the bridge is balanced, the voltage at A is equal to the voltage at B and no current flows between A and B.
Hence VR1 = VR2
therefore I1 ´ R1 = I2 ´ R2 ------------- (1) (by Ohm's law)
Also VR3 = VR4
therefore I1 ´ R3 = I2 ´ R4 ------------- (2)
Dividing (1) by (2)
Therefore the unknown resistor R3 = (all known values)
In calculations it is possible for any of the four resistors to be unknown. However, provided that the bridge is balanced, the theory remains the same and all that is required is to transpose the equation to find the unknown
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