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Calculating unknown resistances
The current through the galvanometer (G) - a very sensitive ammeter, is reduced to zero by adjusting R4. The bridge is then said to be balanced. When the bridge is balanced, the voltage at A is equal to the voltage at B and no current flows between A and B.
Hence VR1 = VR2
therefore I1 ´ R1 = I2 ´ R2 ------------- (1) (by Ohm's law)
Also VR3 = VR4
therefore I1 ´ R3 = I2 ´ R4 ------------- (2)
Dividing (1) by (2)
Therefore the unknown resistor R3 = (all known values)
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