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Breadth-first search starts at a given vertex h, which is at level 0. In the first stage, we go toall the vertices that are at the distance of one edge away. When we go there, we markedas "visited," the vertices adjacent to the start vertex s - these vertices are placed into level 1.In the second stage, we go to all the new vertices we can reach at the distance of two edgesaway from the source vertex h. These new vertices, which are adjacent to level 1 vertex and notpreviously assigned to a level, are placed into level 2. The BFS traversal ends when each vertexhas been finished.The BFS(G, a) algorithm creates a breadth-first search tree with the source vertex, s, as its root.The predecessor or parent of any other vertex in the tree is the vertex from which it was firstdeveloped. For every vertex, v, the parent of v is marked in the variable π[v]. Another variable,d[v], calculated by BFS has the number of tree edges on the way from s tov. The breadth-firstsearch needs a FIFO queue, Q, to store red vertices.Algorithm: Breadth-First Search TraversalBFS(V, E, a)1.2. do color[u] ← BLACK3. d[u] ← infinity4. π[u] ← NIL5. color[s] ← RED ? Source vertex find6. d[a] ← 0 ? Start7. π[a] ← NIL ? Stat8. Q ← {} ? Empty queue Q9. ENQUEUE(Q, a)10 while Q is non-empty11. do u ← DEQUEUE(Q) ? That is, u = head[Q]12.13. do if color[v] ← BLACK ? if color is black you've never seen it before14. then color[v] ← RED15. d[v] ← d[u] + 116. π[v] ← u17. ENQUEUE(Q, v)18. DEQUEUE(Q)19. color[u] ← BLACK
how to implement multiple stack using single dimension array in c
A telephone directory having n = 10 records and Name field as key. Let us assume that the names are stored in array 'm' i.e. m(0) to m(9) and the search has to be made for name "X"
Q. Explain that how do we implement two stacks in one array A[1..n] in such a way that neither the stack overflows unless the total number of elements in both stacks together is n.
(a) Discuss the role played by Business Intelligence Systems in giving companies strategic advantage. (b) Explain the term heuristics searching . (c) With the use of an appr
Question 1. How can you find out the end of a String? Write an algorithm to find out the substring of a string. 2. Explain the insertion and deletion operation of linked lis
Which data structure is required to change infix notation to postfix notation? Stack function is used to change infix notation to postfix notatio n
Simulation of queues: Simulation is the process of forming an abstract model of a real world situation in order to understand the effect of modifications and the effect of introdu
How many recursive calls are called by the naïve recursive algorithm for binomial coefficients, C(10, 5) and C(21, 12) C(n,k){c(n-1,k)+c(n-1,k-1) if 1 1 if k = n or k = 0
Ordinary variable An ordinary variable of a easy data type can store a one element only
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