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Breadth-first search starts at a given vertex h, which is at level 0. In the first stage, we go toall the vertices that are at the distance of one edge away. When we go there, we markedas "visited," the vertices adjacent to the start vertex s - these vertices are placed into level 1.In the second stage, we go to all the new vertices we can reach at the distance of two edgesaway from the source vertex h. These new vertices, which are adjacent to level 1 vertex and notpreviously assigned to a level, are placed into level 2. The BFS traversal ends when each vertexhas been finished.The BFS(G, a) algorithm creates a breadth-first search tree with the source vertex, s, as its root.The predecessor or parent of any other vertex in the tree is the vertex from which it was firstdeveloped. For every vertex, v, the parent of v is marked in the variable π[v]. Another variable,d[v], calculated by BFS has the number of tree edges on the way from s tov. The breadth-firstsearch needs a FIFO queue, Q, to store red vertices.Algorithm: Breadth-First Search TraversalBFS(V, E, a)1.2. do color[u] ← BLACK3. d[u] ← infinity4. π[u] ← NIL5. color[s] ← RED ? Source vertex find6. d[a] ← 0 ? Start7. π[a] ← NIL ? Stat8. Q ← {} ? Empty queue Q9. ENQUEUE(Q, a)10 while Q is non-empty11. do u ← DEQUEUE(Q) ? That is, u = head[Q]12.13. do if color[v] ← BLACK ? if color is black you've never seen it before14. then color[v] ← RED15. d[v] ← d[u] + 116. π[v] ← u17. ENQUEUE(Q, v)18. DEQUEUE(Q)19. color[u] ← BLACK
Search engines employ software robots to survey the Web & build their databases. Web documents retrieved & indexed through keywords. While you enter a query at search engine websit
The smallest element of an array's index is called its Lower bound.
Enumerate about the carrier set members Ruby is written in C, so carrier set members (which is, individual symbols) are implemented as fixed-size arrays of characters (which is
The class Element represents a single node that can be part of multiple elements on a hotplate and runs in its own thread. The constructor accepts the initial temperature and a hea
7. String manipulation 7.a Write a C Program using following string manipulation functions a) strcpy b) strncpy c) strcmp d) strncmp e) strlen f) strcat
Q. Write down the algorithm to insert an element to a max-heap which is represented sequentially. Ans: The algorithm to insert an element "newkey" to
Ans: I nsertion into the B-tree: 1. First search is made for the place where the new record must be positioned. As soon as the keys are inserted, they are sorted into th
Define the term counting - Pseudocode Counting in 1s is quite simple; use of statement count = count + 1 would enable counting to be done (for example in controlling a repeat
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ST AC K is explained as follows : A stack is one of the most usually used data structure. A stack is also called a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) system, is a linear list in
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