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Breadth-first search starts at a given vertex h, which is at level 0. In the first stage, we go toall the vertices that are at the distance of one edge away. When we go there, we markedas "visited," the vertices adjacent to the start vertex s - these vertices are placed into level 1.In the second stage, we go to all the new vertices we can reach at the distance of two edgesaway from the source vertex h. These new vertices, which are adjacent to level 1 vertex and notpreviously assigned to a level, are placed into level 2. The BFS traversal ends when each vertexhas been finished.The BFS(G, a) algorithm creates a breadth-first search tree with the source vertex, s, as its root.The predecessor or parent of any other vertex in the tree is the vertex from which it was firstdeveloped. For every vertex, v, the parent of v is marked in the variable π[v]. Another variable,d[v], calculated by BFS has the number of tree edges on the way from s tov. The breadth-firstsearch needs a FIFO queue, Q, to store red vertices.Algorithm: Breadth-First Search TraversalBFS(V, E, a)1.2. do color[u] ← BLACK3. d[u] ← infinity4. π[u] ← NIL5. color[s] ← RED ? Source vertex find6. d[a] ← 0 ? Start7. π[a] ← NIL ? Stat8. Q ← {} ? Empty queue Q9. ENQUEUE(Q, a)10 while Q is non-empty11. do u ← DEQUEUE(Q) ? That is, u = head[Q]12.13. do if color[v] ← BLACK ? if color is black you've never seen it before14. then color[v] ← RED15. d[v] ← d[u] + 116. π[v] ← u17. ENQUEUE(Q, v)18. DEQUEUE(Q)19. color[u] ← BLACK
what is the difference between data type and abstract data type
How to construct a data flow diagram for a college assignment and marking systemA
For splaying, three trees are maintained, the central, left & right sub trees. At first, the central subtree is the complete tree and left and right subtrees are empty. The target
In a circular linked list There is no beginning and no end.
how to define the size of array
Write an algorithm, using a flowchart, which inputs the heights of all 500 students and outputs the height of the tallest person and the shortest p erson in the school.
Exact analysis of insertion sort: Let us assume the following pseudocode to analyse the exact runtime complexity of insertion sort. T j is the time taken to execute the s
Warnock's Algorithm A divide and conquer algorithm Warnock (PolyList PL, ViewPort VP) If (PL simple in VP) then Draw PL in VP, else Split VP vertically and horiz
what is far and near procedures in system programming?
Explain about Hidden-surface Hidden-line removal refers to wire-frame diagrams without surface rendering and polygonal surfaces with straight edges. Hidden-surface removal ref
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