Bovine parainfluenza, Biology

Assignment Help:

Bovine parainfluenza

This virus belongs to the genus Respirovirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae of family Paramyxoviridae. It causes respiratory syndrome in cattle and sheep affecting large number of animals especially in intensive breeding units. In young animals, the disease is marked by fever, lachrymation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. Affliction of the respiratory system by this virus predisposes to secondary bacterial invasion, especially by Pasteurella haemolytica. The disease is also known as 'shipping fever'.

Clinical signs: There is lacrimation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. The animals may recover in 3-4 days, or may develop secondary bacterial infection with purulent nasal discharge.

Diagnosis: The disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs subject to the laboratory confirmation by haemagglutination inhibition, immuno- fluorescence and cell culture virus neutralization tests. Virus can be recovered from the nasal discharge for 7 to 9 days after infection and isolated in bovine cell cultures. For a sero-survey, paired serum samples are collected and processed for detecting antibodies. A 4-fold rise in antibody titre is suggestive of recent infection.

Prevention and control: Several attenuated virus vaccines are able to induce protective mucosal IgA antibodies. Combined vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, bovine adenovirus and bovine viral diahorrea have been used abroad.


Related Discussions:- Bovine parainfluenza

Phylum porifera, harmful and beneficial usesa of phylum porifera

harmful and beneficial usesa of phylum porifera

Genetics, What are the Elements of Heredity and variations?

What are the Elements of Heredity and variations?

What are zymogens, Zymogens, or proenzymes, are enzymes secreted in inactiv...

Zymogens, or proenzymes, are enzymes secreted in inactive form. Under certain conditions, a zymogen shifts to the active form of the enzyme. Zymogen secretions in general occur due

Classification of protein based on shape, Protein Classification Based on S...

Protein Classification Based on Shape There are three types of proteins on the basis of shape - Fibrous, Globular, Intermediate 1 .       FIBROUS PROTEINS They ar

Chlorophyll and osmosis, Hello, I did a experiment: I used 5 salt solution...

Hello, I did a experiment: I used 5 salt solutions (0 g/L; 5 g/L; 10 g/L; 15 g/L; 20 g/L), and in each one I cooked beans (25 g) for 5 minutes. At the end, I measured the absorpti

Striped pattern of the striated muscle cells formed, Q. How is the striped ...

Q. How is the striped pattern of the striated muscle cells formed? The functional units of the muscle fibers are the sarcomeres within the sarcomeres blocks of myosin and actin

Dietary tips for hyperlipideinic patients, Q. Dietary tips for hyperlipidei...

Q. Dietary tips for hyperlipideinic patients? It is important to note here that the dietary modifications need to be individual in each patient and these should be tailored lo

What is an instance of a hypothesis, Q. What is an instance of a hypothesis...

Q. What is an instance of a hypothesis which may explicate why there is not a big representation of the class Reptilia found in Polar Regions? Beings of the class Reptilia are

Define determinants of food security - vulnerability, Define Determinants o...

Define Determinants of Food Security - Vulnerability? It is the fourth critical variable and defines the risk factor to which a person, family, community or nation is exposed o

Liver function test, Liver function test should be done for all diabetic pa...

Liver function test should be done for all diabetic patients. This will help the doctor in the choice of drugs for the treatment of diabetes since liver abnormalities influence the

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd