Bovine parainfluenza, Biology

Assignment Help:

Bovine parainfluenza

This virus belongs to the genus Respirovirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae of family Paramyxoviridae. It causes respiratory syndrome in cattle and sheep affecting large number of animals especially in intensive breeding units. In young animals, the disease is marked by fever, lachrymation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. Affliction of the respiratory system by this virus predisposes to secondary bacterial invasion, especially by Pasteurella haemolytica. The disease is also known as 'shipping fever'.

Clinical signs: There is lacrimation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. The animals may recover in 3-4 days, or may develop secondary bacterial infection with purulent nasal discharge.

Diagnosis: The disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs subject to the laboratory confirmation by haemagglutination inhibition, immuno- fluorescence and cell culture virus neutralization tests. Virus can be recovered from the nasal discharge for 7 to 9 days after infection and isolated in bovine cell cultures. For a sero-survey, paired serum samples are collected and processed for detecting antibodies. A 4-fold rise in antibody titre is suggestive of recent infection.

Prevention and control: Several attenuated virus vaccines are able to induce protective mucosal IgA antibodies. Combined vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, bovine adenovirus and bovine viral diahorrea have been used abroad.


Related Discussions:- Bovine parainfluenza

Metastasis - characteristics define cancer, Metastasis - Characteristics De...

Metastasis - Characteristics Define Cancer Metastasis is the capability of a malignant cell to detach itself from a tumor and establish a tumor in another site. This capabilit

Myocardial ischemia, In patients with coronary artery disease an acute coro...

In patients with coronary artery disease an acute coronary syndrome event can precipitate heart failure. Mitral regurgitation occurring as a result of papillary muscle ischemia con

What are cotyledons, What are cotyledons? Cotyledons or else seed leave...

What are cotyledons? Cotyledons or else seed leaves are structures formed by the embryo of angiosperms to absorb nutrients from the endosperm and to store and transfer these nu

Sulphur (s) - macronutrients, Sulphur (S) - Macronutrients Sulphur is ...

Sulphur (S) - Macronutrients Sulphur is present in the soil in inorganic and organic forms. In most soils organically bounds is the major S reservoir. The inorganic forms of S

Zoo flagellates, #question names of 10 zoo flagellates

#question names of 10 zoo flagellates

Determine the expected genotypic and phenotypic results, 1. In guinea pigs,...

1. In guinea pigs, black coat color (B) is dominant to white (b), and a rough coat (R) is dominant to smooth (r). What are the expected genotypic and phenotypic results of the foll

What do you mean by ganglia, Q. What are ganglia? Neural ganglia or Gan...

Q. What are ganglia? Neural ganglia or Ganglia (singular ganglion) are structures located outside the central nervous system (for instance, beside the spinal column or near vis

Determines the abo blood group system, What is the type of genetic inherita...

What is the type of genetic inheritance that determines the ABO blood group system? What are the relations of dominance among the involved alleles? The inheritance of the ABO b

Involution - internalization of mesoderm, Involution - Internalization of M...

Involution - Internalization of Mesoderm As by now mentioned, in the frog Xenopus (and probably in other amphibian species as well) the cells of presumptive mesoderm are in t

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd