Bovine parainfluenza, Biology

Assignment Help:

Bovine parainfluenza

This virus belongs to the genus Respirovirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae of family Paramyxoviridae. It causes respiratory syndrome in cattle and sheep affecting large number of animals especially in intensive breeding units. In young animals, the disease is marked by fever, lachrymation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. Affliction of the respiratory system by this virus predisposes to secondary bacterial invasion, especially by Pasteurella haemolytica. The disease is also known as 'shipping fever'.

Clinical signs: There is lacrimation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. The animals may recover in 3-4 days, or may develop secondary bacterial infection with purulent nasal discharge.

Diagnosis: The disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs subject to the laboratory confirmation by haemagglutination inhibition, immuno- fluorescence and cell culture virus neutralization tests. Virus can be recovered from the nasal discharge for 7 to 9 days after infection and isolated in bovine cell cultures. For a sero-survey, paired serum samples are collected and processed for detecting antibodies. A 4-fold rise in antibody titre is suggestive of recent infection.

Prevention and control: Several attenuated virus vaccines are able to induce protective mucosal IgA antibodies. Combined vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, bovine adenovirus and bovine viral diahorrea have been used abroad.


Related Discussions:- Bovine parainfluenza

Explain the primary treatment for managing food allergies, Explain the Prim...

Explain the Primary Treatment for Managing Food Allergies? The primary treatment for managing food allergies is eliminating the offending food or foods. In fact, non-pharmacolo

Explain hyperthermophilic organisms, Some hyperthermophilic organisms that ...

Some hyperthermophilic organisms that grow in highly acidic (pH2) habitats belong to the two groups: 1. Eubacteria and archaea 2. Cyanobacteria and diatoms 3. Protists and

Animal kingdom, If porifers shiw cell aggregate plan tgen how can they also...

If porifers shiw cell aggregate plan tgen how can they also shiw division of labour among cells

What are some significant neurotransmitters?, What are some significant neu...

What are some significant neurotransmitters? The following are some neurotransmitters: adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), dopamine, acetylcholine, seroto

Explain the process of degradation of proteins, Q. Explain the process of D...

Q. Explain the process of Degradation of Proteins? Proteins are composed of amino acids combined by peptide linkages. The native proteins are resistant to attack by microo

How is the gastric mucosa protected from the acid ph, How is the gastric mu...

How is the gastric mucosa protected from the acid pH of the stomach? The gastric epithelium is mucus secretory, i.e., it makes mucus. The mucus covers the stomach wall preventi

How to repair the defects in post myocardial , How to repair the defects in...

How to repair the defects in post myocardial ? Repair of Defect :  The approach to the defect is through ventriculotomy over the infarcted area. The defect is repaired

Biotechnology, #Is GMO food good as the prospective of the ethic values of ...

#Is GMO food good as the prospective of the ethic values of the society?..

What is the heterophagic intracellular digestion, Q. What is the heterophag...

Q. What is the heterophagic intracellular digestion and How is this process accomplished? Heterophagic intracellular digestion is the breaking into smaller substances of extern

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd