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In OSI 7 layer model, a header, or possibly a trailer, can be added to the data unit at each layerI 7 layer, but we will define a simple virtual packet which contains only 8bit data value without any header and trailer
Each packet contains one pixel information of the lenna256 image. We defined the 3 structures in "CPacketStruct.h" to express a packet as bit stream. Left structure is defined for bit stream for error detection code and right structure is defined for bit stream for error correction code. There is additional bit stream without any code, and the data structure of bit stream with no code is same as the Packet structure in "CPacketStruct.h"
typedef struct {
BIT dat1[5];
BIT dat2[5];
} EDBitStream;
BIT dat1[7];
BIT dat2[7];
} ECBitStream;
Fig. Bit stream structure
One pixel data is represented with 8 digits, and each 4 digits are divided into dat1, and dat2. In bit streams for error detection
Ex) 1 Pixel data = 100010012
Normal Packet
(Packet is not encoded)
Encoded Packet by Parity Bit
Encoded Packet by hamming code
[1000 1001]
[Pixel Data ]
[10001 10010 ]
[ (1000)+Parity || (1001) +Parity ]
[1101000 0111001 ]
[ (1000)* G || (1001) * G ]
In Packet structure,
NCBitStream
In EDBitStream Structure
In ECBitStream Structure
Describe how Link-State routing protocols work
Q. Describe about Packet Switching? Packet Switching - Data are transmitted in separate units - Called Packet - Packets are variable length blocks - The max leng
Packet loss and retransmission in TCP TCP gets reliability by retransmission. An acknowledgement is used to check that data has arrived successfully. If acknowledgement does no
different framing methods
Can you define what is classful IP addressing?
ENCODING THE DATA TYPE: The figure explain a frame in which the data kind is specified by using the data area. To ensure interoperability format of encoding location m
Currently One more way of accessing the Internet being developed is the use of cable modems. These need that you subscribe to a cable service & let you two-way communication with t
modern technology in world of 21 century
Responses Responses are sent from the server to the client. A responses is a three digit code that may be followed by additional textual information.
Q. Illustrate about Sliding Window Protocols? - Sliding window - Keeps the unacknowledged outstanding frames in sender - Keeps the expected frames in receiver - Sequen
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