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In OSI 7 layer model, a header, or possibly a trailer, can be added to the data unit at each layerI 7 layer, but we will define a simple virtual packet which contains only 8bit data value without any header and trailer
Each packet contains one pixel information of the lenna256 image. We defined the 3 structures in "CPacketStruct.h" to express a packet as bit stream. Left structure is defined for bit stream for error detection code and right structure is defined for bit stream for error correction code. There is additional bit stream without any code, and the data structure of bit stream with no code is same as the Packet structure in "CPacketStruct.h"
typedef struct {
BIT dat1[5];
BIT dat2[5];
} EDBitStream;
BIT dat1[7];
BIT dat2[7];
} ECBitStream;
Fig. Bit stream structure
One pixel data is represented with 8 digits, and each 4 digits are divided into dat1, and dat2. In bit streams for error detection
Ex) 1 Pixel data = 100010012
Normal Packet
(Packet is not encoded)
Encoded Packet by Parity Bit
Encoded Packet by hamming code
[1000 1001]
[Pixel Data ]
[10001 10010 ]
[ (1000)+Parity || (1001) +Parity ]
[1101000 0111001 ]
[ (1000)* G || (1001) * G ]
In Packet structure,
NCBitStream
In EDBitStream Structure
In ECBitStream Structure
Packet loss and retransmission in TCP TCP gets reliability by retransmission. An acknowledgement is used to check that data has arrived successfully. If acknowledgement does no
You require connecting two computers for file sharing. Is it possible to do this without using a hub or router? Yes, you can connect two computers together using only one cable
802.11b HR DSSS a) High-rate DSSS using a 2.4 GHz band b) Similar to DSSS excluding for encoding method c) Uses complementary code keying (CCK), encoding 4 or 8 bits to
FDDI Media Class B or SAS (single-attachment stations) attach to one ring Class A or DAS (dual attachment stations) attach to both rings. SASs is attached to the primary rin
Q. Show the Traffic profiles? Constant-bit-rate traffic - ADR=PDR No MBS Variable-bit-rate traffic ADR != PDR Small MBS Bursty traffic
Hubs/Repeaters Hubs/Repeaters are used to connect together two or more network segments of any media type. In larger design, signal quality starts to deteriorate as segment exc
What is NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) It is a set of rules explaining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. The NVT is used in the begin of a Telnet session.
If the host has the subnet ID why do we require a subnet mask?
What is Applets Little programs that can make the Web pages more aesthetically beautiful by means of animations, text, and graphics moving across the screen.
VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network Vlan is a logical grouping or segmenting a network linked to administratively described ports on a switch, they give Broadcast control, Securit
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