Avian infectious bronchitis (ib), Biology

Assignment Help:

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB)

An acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of chicken caused by a member of the family Coronaviridae, IB was first recognized in India in 1969. The virus can be propagated in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs resulting in dwarfing and curling of embryos. Transmission occurs through direct contacts, aerosol and contaminated fomites. Transovarian transmission does not occur. Birds of all ages are susceptible but chicks below 4 weeks of age are severely affected.

Symptoms and lesions: Clinically the birds show depression and respiratory distress like coughing, gasping, sneezing and discharges from the eyes and nostrils. Sometimes the respiratory signs may be too mild to be noticed. The virus at times attacks the oviduct and the kidney, resulting in significant reduction in egg production and poor quality eggs. Early infection of the chicks may result in damage to oviduct and such birds fail to lay eggs. Infection of layers leads to lowered egg production and eggs laid may be misshapen, rough, soft shelled and with poor hatchability. In young chicks mortality may go upto 25%. In the renal form of the disease mortality may occur in broilers. Recovered birds may act as carriers for several days. The PM lesions seen are congestion of lungs and cloudy air sacs, catarrhal exudates or caseous plugs in the trachea and on lungs. When there is involvement of oviduct, regression of size and absence of duct are seen. When nephropathic strains are involved the kidney may be swollen and pale with tubules and ureters distended with urates.

Diagnosis: Clinical symptoms and lesions are indicative of infection. Final confirmation is done on the basis of isolation and identification of the virus. Virus can be isolated in 10-11 day old chicken embryos inoculated with trachea, caecal tonsils and oviduct and kidney tissue homogenate from suspected birds.

Prevention and control: Proper hygiene and good management is necessary. Live vaccines are used in broilers and for initial vaccination of breeders and layers. Inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccines are primarily used at the point of lay in breeders and layers. Best protection with inactivated vaccine can be obtained only if it is given after priming the birds with live vaccines.


Related Discussions:- Avian infectious bronchitis (ib)

Which is the first heart chamber into which blood enters, Q. Which is the f...

Q. Which is the first (human) heart chamber into which blood enters? Where does the blood go after passing that chamber? What is the name of the valve that separates the compartmen

Global Warming Prevention, Preventive steps for global warming :  Growing ...

Preventive steps for global warming :  Growing trees in vacant places. Growing social forests and protect them. Promoting abundant growth of phytoplankton plant species in marine

Biting mechanism of snakes, i want to know the contents which i should writ...

i want to know the contents which i should write in my assignment..related to the above topic..

Hemes and chlorophylls, A haem British English or heme American English is ...

A haem British English or heme American English is a prosthetic group which having of an iron ion contained in the middle of a huge heterocyclic organic ring called as a porphyrin.

Culture-negative endocarditis, Special studies to diagnose IE caused by fas...

Special studies to diagnose IE caused by fastidious bacteria and other organisms must be performed (serological studies). Thereafter, unless clinical or epidemiologic clues suggest

Define muscular strength component for physical fitness, Define Muscular st...

Define Muscular strength component for physical fitness? It is the ability of a muscle to exert force for a brief period of time. Upper-body strength, for example, can be measu

What is biotic potential, Q. What is biotic potential? The Biotic poten...

Q. What is biotic potential? The Biotic potential is the capability of growth of a given population under hypothetical optimum conditions, i.e., in an environment without limit

Define effect on human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnancy, Define effect o...

Define effect on Human chorionic gonadotropin in Pregnancy? Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) begins to increase immediately on implantation of the ovum and reaches a peak at

Functions based on management principles, FUNCTIONS BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRI...

FUNCTIONS BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Planning: The objectives of nursing unit should be achieved through planning, good coordination and supervision. While planning nur

What structure of the eye produces tears, Q. What structure of the eye prod...

Q. What structure of the eye produces tears? Lachrymal gland, which is a part of larger lachrymal apparatus, produces tears that flow over anterior surface of the eye. Most of

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd