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Atomic spectroscopy:
Atomic spectroscopy is the oldest instrumental method of elemental analysis. The origin of these methods dates back to the times of Bunsen and Kirchhoff in the mid- 19th century whereas they showed in which the optical radiation emitted from flames is features of the elements present in the flame and the intensities of the emitted radiation were dependent on the amount of elemental species present.
The atomic spectroscopic techniques are based on the transitions amongst the quantised electronic energy stages caused through the absorption of radiation through the atoms within vapour phase or by the emission of radiation by the excited atoms. Since the transitions manifest in terms of absorption, emission or fluorescence emission. Therefore, we have atomic emission, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The kind of atomic spectroscopic method is determined both through the method of atomisation as well as the nature of the analyte radiation interaction. In compare to the molecular spectra, the atomic spectra consist of a number of sharp absorption lines, features of the atomic species. The signals within an atomic spectrum are also characterized in terms of the position, intensity and the band width.
Flame photometry is a technique for the determination of elements that could be simply excited and is based upon the measurement of intensity of radiation emitted, within the visible region, while a metal is introduced into a flame. A wavelength of the emitted radiation, tells us what the element is or the intensity of the radiation tells us how much of the element is present. A sensitivity of the flame photometric techniques depends on the number of excited atoms that in turn depends on the flame temperature. A flame temperature is a function of the kind of fuel and oxidant used.
Waxes - Carboxylic acids Waxes are the esters of higher fatty acids along with higher monohydric alcohols. The acids and alcohols generally found in waxes are palmitic, cerotic
what r identification tests for lipids which involve water in their tests n their biological use in human body
Describe Hall Effect? Briefly discuss physical origin and uses of Hall Effect? Ans: If a conducting bar is placed in a magnetic field B ⊥ to its axis and if a current flow
Electron configurations are governed by a limitation called as the Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons can have the same value for all four quantum numbers n, l, m a
LIGAND FIELD THEORY The five d orbitals with distinct values of the magnetic quantum number (m) have the similar energy in a free atom or ion. In any compound they interact
Hydrolysis of an ester into acid and alcohol can be done by acid or alkali. which is the best method and why?
Magnesium is the lightest of the structural metals. While this low density is an attractive property, magnesium also has a high corrosion rate that has often been seen as a disadva
Q. Calculate Enthalpy Changes in system? Ans. It turns out that you can add reactions the same way you add algebraic equations. The enthalpy of the resulting reaction is the su
Number of two electron can have the same values of ...... quantum numbers: (1) One (2) Two (3) Three (4) Four Ans: Three
formula of lactic acid
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