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Atomic spectroscopy:
Atomic spectroscopy is the oldest instrumental method of elemental analysis. The origin of these methods dates back to the times of Bunsen and Kirchhoff in the mid- 19th century whereas they showed in which the optical radiation emitted from flames is features of the elements present in the flame and the intensities of the emitted radiation were dependent on the amount of elemental species present.
The atomic spectroscopic techniques are based on the transitions amongst the quantised electronic energy stages caused through the absorption of radiation through the atoms within vapour phase or by the emission of radiation by the excited atoms. Since the transitions manifest in terms of absorption, emission or fluorescence emission. Therefore, we have atomic emission, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The kind of atomic spectroscopic method is determined both through the method of atomisation as well as the nature of the analyte radiation interaction. In compare to the molecular spectra, the atomic spectra consist of a number of sharp absorption lines, features of the atomic species. The signals within an atomic spectrum are also characterized in terms of the position, intensity and the band width.
Flame photometry is a technique for the determination of elements that could be simply excited and is based upon the measurement of intensity of radiation emitted, within the visible region, while a metal is introduced into a flame. A wavelength of the emitted radiation, tells us what the element is or the intensity of the radiation tells us how much of the element is present. A sensitivity of the flame photometric techniques depends on the number of excited atoms that in turn depends on the flame temperature. A flame temperature is a function of the kind of fuel and oxidant used.
Q. Illustrate about Werners Theory? Based on the study of a large number of compounds. Wermer gave the following postulates: • Metal atoms in complexes possess two types o
Q. Name the Oxide Minerals? These minerals consist of oxides of metals, which are formed either by oxidation of sulphide minerals or by direct oxidation of metals. Highly elect
Electrovalent compound's: (1) Melting points are low (2) Boiling points are low (3) Conduct current in fused stat (4) Insoluble in polar solvent Ans: Conduct curre
When NaCl is dissolved in water, the sodium ion become
a metal forms 2 oxides. the higher oxide has 80% metal. 0.72g of lower oxide gave 0.8g of higher oxide when oxidised. show that law of multiple proportion is valid?
Characteristics of homologous series (i) All the members of a series can be presented by the general formula. For instance, the members of the alcohol family are illustrated b
The electronic configuration of an element is 1s 2 , 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 1 . This represents its: (1) Excited state (2) Ground state (3)Cationic for
Ring substitution in aromatic ethers Alkoxy group is ortho and para directing and it directs the incoming groups to ortho and para position. It becomes the aromatic ring leads
ionization energy vary in 3d seris of d-block elements,how and why
factors affecting the acidity of the aromatic carboxilic acids
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