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The diagram below offers an overall view on the methods use by both the OSI and TCP/IP model.
ISO Approach
- Occasionally called Horizontal Approach
- OSI asserts that distributed applications function over a strict hierarchy of layers and are constructed from a common tool kit of standardized application service elements.
- In OSI each distributed application service selects functions from a large common -toolbox? of application service element (ASEs) and complements these with application service elements that perform functions specific to given end-user service.
TCP/IP Approach
- Occasionally called Vertical Approach
- In TCP/IP every application entity is composed of whatever set of function it needs beyond end to end transport to support a distributed communications service.
- Most of these application processes builds on what it requirements and assumes only that an underlying transport mechanism (datagram or connection) will be provided.
A communications channel is pathways over which information can be communicate. It may be described by a physical wire that connects communicating devices, or by a radio, laser, or
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