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Adrenocortical Steroids - Vertebrates
The adrenal cortex secretes two types of steroid hormones:
This distinction between glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids is found in mammals where as nonmammalian vertebrates do not maintain such distinction. In general the action of corticosteroids is adaptive. Salt output or retention is altered in accordance with environmental demands.
In mammals aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid is concerned with electrolytd balance. It is produced in response to adrenoeorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreted by the pituittary. ACTH itself is released in response to a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus. Glomerulotrophic hormone from the pineal gland is also known to stimulate aldosterone secretion. In nonmammalian vertebrates apart from aldosterone, another mineralocorticoid, cortisol is known to promote NaCl absorption. The mineralocorticoids increase the tubular absorption of sodium and promote the renal excretion of potassium.
DETERMIN A TIO N OF THE AGE OF FOSSIL - Radioactive clock (Boltwood -1907) - Half life of uranium is 4.5 billion years. This means half of total uranium disintegrates
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how energy enters and then flows through a biological system
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Countercurrent flow is the arrangement by which fish get oxygen from the water which flows by the help of their gills. The water flows across the respiratory surface of the gill i
Q. Which are the respiratory muscles in mammals? In mammals the muscles that participate in the breathing process are the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, in respiratory
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