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1. Where a criminal offense is defined as including a(n) ____, a defendant who is found guilty should be convicted of the substantive offense, and not of an attempt to commit that offense.a. conspiracyb. solicitationc. attemptd. None of these 2. Jones paid Smith $5,000 to kidnap Brown. En route to Brown's home, Smith's efforts were foiled by the police. Jones may be prosecuted for ____.a. attempted kidnappingb. solicitationc. compounding a crimed. no offense because the kidnapping did not occur 3. According to the authors, the most frequently charged inchoate offense is ____.a. conspiracyb. attemptc. solicitationd. none of these 4. A defendant cannot be found guilty of attempt if ____.a. it is legally impossible to commit the attempted offenseb. he or she is convicted of conspiracy to commit the same crimec. the attempt is unsuccessfuld. all of these 5. To be guilty of conspiracy, one must ____.a. know and see one's co-conspiratorsb. be a party to an explicit agreement to commit a crimec. be unsuccessful in committing the target crimed. None of these is correct. 6. The legal doctrine that holds that two people cannot conspire to commit a crime such as adultery, incest, or bigamy since these offenses require only two participants is known as __.a. the Pinkerton Ruleb. the principle that conspiracy does not merge into the target offensec. Wharton's Ruled. the concept that conspiracy is not applicable to commission of any offenses involving sexual conduct 7. Federal courts have recognized the requisite elements of attempt as (1) an intent to engage in criminal conduct, and (2) the performance of an act that constitutes a(n) ____.a. substantial step toward the completion of the substantive offenseb. conspiracyc. prohibited substantive crime in and of itselfd. none of these 8. State penal codes often specifically provide for attempts to commit the most serious crimes such as murder. The remaining offenses are then covered by ____.a. the common lawb. a general attempt statutec. the Model Penal Coded. judicial interpretation 9. In general, the actus reus of the crime of conspiracy is the ____.a. the act of solicitationb. an attemptc. unlawful agreementd. substantial step to effectuate the conspiracy 10. To obtain a conviction for conspiracy, the prosecution generally must prove that the defendant intended to further the unlawful object of the conspiracy, and such intent must exist in the minds of at least ____ of the parties to the conspiracy.a. allb. twoc. all but oned. none of these 11. During the 1800s, inchoate offenses were recognized as ____ by the English common law.a. capital crimesb. misdemeanorsc. feloniesd. torts 12. Generally speaking, a defendant may not be convicted of attempt if it was ____ impossible to commit the target crime.a. legallyb. factuallyc. theoreticallyd. practically 13. While the crime of solicitation merely requires an enticement, the offense of ____ entails an agreement.a. the common lawb. a general attempt statutec. conspiracyd. misprision of felony 14. Commission of the crime of ____ may be perpetrated through an intermediary.a. attemptb. adulteryc. solicitationd. none of these 15. Which of the following substantive crimes would most likely subsume an attempt?a. murderb. rapec. uttering a forged instrumentd. none of these 16. Some jurisdictions have laws providing that it is a defense to the crime of ____ if the defendant voluntarily prevents its consummation.a. attemptb. perjuryc. raped. none of these 17. Most American jurisdictions now define the inchoate crimes by ____.a. the common lawb. statutec. executive orderd. judicial decision 18. In Callanan v. United States (1961), Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter observed that "the danger which a(n) ____ generates is not confined to the substantive offense which is the immediate aim of the enterprise."a. riotb. attemptc. unlawful assemblyd. conspiracy 19. In some states, it is a defense to a charge of ____ if the defendant can prove that he or she prevented completion of the target crime under circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary renunciation of his or her criminal purpose.a. perjuryb. attemptc. subornationd. solicitation 20. Inchoate offenses are designed ____.a. to define activity that is directed toward completion of a crimeb. to enable law enforcement officers to terminate criminal conduct at an early stagec. to allow police to apprehend dangerous persons before they accomplish their criminal objectivesd. all of these 21. Conspiracy is now defined by statute in ____ jurisdictions.a. both federal and stateb. most statec. federal but not stated. neither federal nor state 22. Where an offense is defined as including a(n) ____, the defendant should not be found guilty of an attempt to commit that offense.a. specific intentb. attemptc. conspiracyd. general intent 23. The range of criminal conspiracies includes ____.a. deprivations of civil rightsb. illicit drug traffickingc. violations of antitrust lawsd. all of these 24. A person who paid another to commit kidnapping could still be found guilty of ____ if a police officer intervened and prevented the abduction.a. solicitationb. assaultc. attemptd. injunction
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